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Start Over Author "Campbell, C." Journal journal of pain
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45. (112) Childhood Adversity Linked to Heightened Pain Sensitivity in Adults.

Author

Sheinberg, R., Campbell, C., Kearson, A., Burton, E., and Letzen, J.

Abstract

Childhood experiences of adverse social conditions have demonstrated lifelong downstream health-related consequences. Since more exposure to adverse childhood events (ACEs) are associated with poorer outcomes, their exposure can be considered a social determinant of health and wellness. The mechanism of ACEs contributing to adverse health consequences may lie in chronic activation of the stress pathway, leading to dysregulation of the neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic systems. Chronic stress, experienced in childhood, appears to change the physiologic response to subsequent stress, perhaps though HPA and immune axes. A link appears to exist between retrospective reports of ACEs and adult pain-related medical conditions like arthritis, neck and back pain and headaches. The "sensitization" hypothesis posits that prior exposure to distress sensitizes individuals to respond more robustly to subsequent stressors. Those with more ACEs generally experience more chronic inflammation and heightened pro-inflammatory mediators may be a common pathway of increased risk for facilitating pain. The current study sought to evaluate pain facilitation, hyper-responsiveness of nociceptive pathways. Pain facilitation can be measured in healthy participants using quantitative sensory testing (QST). We conducted secondary data analyses of QST data from 130 healthy participants to examine the effect of childhood adversity on psychosocial factors and pain facilitation. Participants completed several questionnaires and underwent a QST battery with multiple pain facilitatory indices, including thermal and mechanical temporal summation, and assessment of aftersensations (Z-scored and combined into one composite score). Correlations revealed significant associations between ACEs and psychosocial factors, including the traumatic life events, catastrophizing, fear of pain, depression, insomnia and sleep quality, aches and pains (r's=0.2-0.5; p's<0.05), as well as pain facilitation (r=0.2, p<0.05). These data suggest that further investigation to uncover the mechanisms underlying how adversity experienced early in life influences these factors, their impact on long-term outcomes, and what interventions could mitigate their effects is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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