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Depressive symptoms among adolescents are a major concern for increased risk of adverse health condition outcomes later in life. Specifically, previous studies have reported that multicultural adolescents experience more depressive symptoms than non-multicultural ones. Using the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, this study examined the relationships between ego-resilience, social support, and depression among multicultural adolescents in South Korea, as well as the moderating effect of social support on the association between ego-resilience and depression.A total of 1500 multicultural adolescents were included in the analyses, where generalized estimating equation models were employed.Depression scores increased slightly from 2012 to 2015. Higher levels of ego-resilience, family support, and friend support were associated with lower levels of depression, while teacher support was not a significant predictor. The moderating effect of friends and family support on the association between ego-resilience and depression was not statistically significant.To reduce the level of depression among multicultural adolescents, future research should develop interventions that enhance ego-resilience ability, as well as necessary social systems that strengthen family and friend support.Supportive interventions, such as enhancing ego-resilience to reduce depression should be provided to multicultural adolescents. It is recommended to include family and friends to develop effective intervention programs for multicultural adolescents who are suffering from depression.

Purpose The aims of this study were to examine relationships among peer victimization, supportive parenting, and depression in South Korean adolescents and the moderating effect of supportive parenting on the peer victimization-depression relationship. Methods Data were drawn from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey performed from 2010 to 2016. The first-year middle-school panel collected from the first year of middle school to the first year of university was used, and the final sample size was 1750. Generalized estimating equation models were employed to examine relationships among peer victimization, supportive parenting, and depression. Results About 6% of participants reported the experience of peer victimization at least once during the previous year. Females were more likely to report higher level of depression compared to males. Participants who were from lower family income, reported the past experience of peer victimization, and reported less supportive parenting were more likely to report higher level of depression compare to the counterpart. The moderating effect of supportive parenting on the association between peer victimization and depression was not statistically significant. Conclusions Participants who had experienced of peer victimization and less supportive parenting showed higher levels of depression. The supportive parenting did not have significant moderating effect on the relationship between peer victimization and depression. Practice Implications Future research on adolescent depression should include development of interventions targeting both adolescent students' behaviors and their parents' styles of parenting aimed at the reducing the rate of peer victimization and the level of depression among adolescents in South Korea.