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Introduction: Conflict is an inevitable fact existing in any organization and it is understood as disagreement between two parties. Conflicts in simple terms may occur when severe issues arise and fury is invoked in the communication process. Conflict arises because of misunderstanding one's words or intentions. Objectives: To analyse and interpret the most preferred and rejected management styles to deal with the industrial conflict. - To explore different conflict management approaches in the study. - To study and analyse the conflict management styles adopted by the management in JK paper mills limited. Hypothesis: - The conflict variables are not varying over the classifications of the Demographic variables of the respondents. - The conflict variables are not varying over the classifications of the Employment variables of the respondents. Need: The production deficit and supply mismatch has made this industry import dependent for finished paper. The demand for paper in India is high and increasing. The supply shortfall for this industry is estimated at 20 million tonnes by 2021. The contribution of the paper industry to the GDP is high. Hence, the researcher felt the need to conduct a study on Conflict management approaches in paper industry with reference to JK Paper Limited, one of the prime organisations in the industry in Visakhapatnam. Methodology: Sample size is 544, Convenient sampling technique is employed for sample collection. To measure the conflict variables over designation, nature of work and classification of departments, ANOVA test is employed to measure its association among variables. Findings: The categorical variables are determinants of the situation in a manufacturing organisation and form a part of internal environment. Therefore, the study concludes the conflict variables determine the style of conflict management. Conclusion: The research study is confined to the employees of select JK Paper Mills Ltd only and it can be extended to other states or cities of India where paper mills industries are situated. It could be further extended to private and public sector paper mills industry of India identifying the conflict management styles adopted in these industries and the effectiveness of conflict management in these industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crypto currency has become the buzzword these days. Accounting is yet another field where cryptocurrency has occupied its space. In India, the status of accounting for cryptocurrency still remains unclear even though few of the additions have been made in IAS. A list of varied elements exists in the accounting process, where accountants deal in the real world as there is presently no accounting standard regulated for them; one such example is crypto currency. The U.S. GAAP (General Accepted Accounting Principles) and international financial reporting standards (IFRS) has recognized Crypto currency in the present times for public firms as an account for a digital currency as an intangible asset with an unlimited life. Companies will first record crypto on the balance sheet at their cost basis in both scenarios. The goal of this research paper is to assess if there are adequate justifications for the establishment of IFRS accounting rules for crypto-assets (liabilities) and to make suggestions for possible directions in which they may go. A clear insight into the accounting and taxation is attempted in the present research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rag picker, is a term for someone who makes a living by rummaging through refuse in the streets to collect material for salvage. Scraps of cloth and paper could be turned into cardboard, broken glass could be melted down and reused, and even dead cats and dogs could be skinned to make clothes. In India alone, there are approximately 4 million women in this profession. However, this huge number in no way implies that it is a comfortable profession in any way. Some common problems faced by the rag pickers are, Poor and marginalized, Unhealthy environment, Poor living condition and Victims of abuse. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the extent of population engaged in rag picking world wide and the nature of social, health problems they face. The paper also reflects on the interventions tried out to uplift the rag pickers in different parts of the world. This study aims to hold out a systematic scientific review of national and international literature reporting different skill and vocational training programmes and elucidate their effectiveness in improving the job opportunities and living conditions of various marginalized, vulnerable and underprivileged people group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is the concept that prioritises current demands without compromising the capacity of future generations The term sustainable development found importance after Bruntland Commission where it was used in 1987 in its report, our common future. Then the term Governance implied the structure for distributing the rights and responsibilities among different parties in the corporation and includes the rules and procedures for making decisions in corporate sector. This paper examines the modern concept of governance and sustainability in the context of cement industry in India. It is an attempt to understand and appreciate the importance of sustainability in the field of the cement corporations of India. This paper defines the key sustainability parameters and then reviews the various cement corporations in accordance to these parameters. This paper measures the sustainability against factors like economical, social and environmental. The findings of this paper conclude that cement industry in India has taken a major step in sustainable growth and development. The cement companies contribute to society, environment, communities, management of natural resources and building public properties in order to contribute to the Indian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization process has been increasing rapidly worldwide today. There is various technologies developed and continue developing tremendously in the world, such as mobile payment systems. Such type of emerging technologies has made a very significant transformation in people lives everywhere. Technologies such as mobile devices facilitate people to finish their work in less time and effort required usually. That is why, these innovations and advancements in technologies led people to be more inclined toward their use. Furthermore, in the current scenario, mobile payments have become an integral part of the daily lives of people due to the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease on society. The presence of mobile payment systems can be considered for years, but the use of mobile payment systems has increased in the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is the core basis of this research paper. However, the user's acceptance of mobile payment systems is still low due to some pros and cons of this technology which are examined in this paper by applying a hybrid machine learning model. We collected primary data through Google Form from the institute in the Meerut region and other sources from India with a total of 222 respondents. In this study, the data is processed and applied on to the machine learning models. Data analysis and findings of the research showed that the proposed ensemble of classifier algorithms outperforms other exiting machine models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The research and findings will help the organizations have a clear and correct analysis of the scenario of the adoption of mobile payments in India and also design better mobile payment systems to curb the situation like the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is the key tool to success. When it comes to healthcare communication, there is a vast gap between medical professionals and patients especially people with a lesser education and people belonging to rural areas. Communication is very much essential in providing quality medical care and content to patients. The effect of the languages and the scientific terms used by medical professionals becomes difficult for the common audience to understand; hence, the understanding gap also increases. This study demonstrates how language becomes a hurdle in healthcare communication depending on the location or locality of the hospital. The main objective of this research paper is to find how language becomes a barrier in health communication depending on the location of the hospital and the communication challenges experienced by rural and urban audiences in hospitals. It will also focus on how infographic designs can help the audience in reducing the communication gap in understanding healthcare information. We have collected 300 samples from 20 different hospitals from both Rural & Urban areas of Jaipur-I City, Rajasthan India. The paper also highlights some of the challenges posed by the language barrier and recommends a few suggestions. This research finding indicates that the language barrier in health communication can be minimized with the use of infographic designs for communication with the audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a Women Entrepreneur in India is a path full of challenges as neither the society nor is the family supportive for budding business women. With the educational support and financial assistance provided by government of India, women are performing marvelous in every industry. Despite our nation's efforts to advance women's rights, there are social, cultural, and economic barriers that prevent women from starting their own businesses. The main issue is a lack of an entrepreneurial climate. There are certain blockages such as pressure to adhere gender roles, lack of family support especially to married ones, in the pathway to women entrepreneurship which are being highlighted in this paper. These female leaders are self-assured, charismatic, and risk-takers. Because of their diligence, tenacity, and hard effort, they were able to prevail in this fierce competition. Also, this paper will suggest some solutions to certain obstacles discussed. Different issues faced by female business owners can be eliminated with the help of suitable instruction, rewards, encouragement, and motivation, as well as the moral support of their families and social acceptance of their entrepreneurial ability. In conclusion, in every sphere of life, she has faced off against man and prevailed, and business is no exception. Women entrepreneurs take on demanding roles to fulfill their own needs and achieve financial independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inequality refers to the extent to which income is evenly distributed across a population (IMF, 2022). The World Inequality Report (WIR, 2022) reveals the latest trends in global income inequality. It shows that the richest 10% of the global population currently earns 52% of global income, while the poorest half of the population takes 8.5% of it. In emerging market economies, indications are that income inequality is rising; sometimes accompanied by accelerating economic growth. Reports reveal that Brazil's six richest individuals command the same wealth associated with the poorest 50% of the population, or about 100 million people. The World Inequality Report (2021) reveals India as a poor and unequal country, with the bottom half of the population earning only 13% of the nation's income, while the top 10% controls 57% by 2021. In South Africa, the IMF (2020) acknowledges that the nation's inequality has remained at high levels, perhaps the highest in the world. This is characterized by a highly skewed income distribution pattern, with the top 20% of the population controlling 68% of national income. These developments hold grave implications for emerging markets, particularly their ability to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The main objective of this paper is to explore income inequality in emerging market economies, with a multi-country study of Brazil, India and South Africa. The methodological approach to the study involves both qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques. It relies on secondary data in publications from various sources, complemented by interviews of stakeholders in the study areas. Findings reveal the income inequality is undermining economic growth and development in emerging markets, fueling conflicts and triggering migration in some countries. The paper presents recommendations, underpinned by progressive taxation, social safety nets, gender equality, development of social services, and leveraging economic and financial incentives for labour-intensive industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes an explorative effort to assess the problems and prospects of MSMEs with reference to Bangalore. The paper hypothesizes that there is a wide gap between the government's initiatives and the sector's actual need. A sample of 30 respondents is chosen to elicit primary data. Secondary data is collected from the websites of MSME, RBI and a plethora of allied ones. Notwithstanding the budget announcements with bold initiatives to provide succor post the onset of pandemic, there is a time lag between announced measures and their absorption, apart from huge inadequacies in this sector. With the then Minister of MSME and Road Transport Mr. Nitin Gadkari's announcement (July 2021), 2.5 crores of retail and whole traders in India too shall be added to this sector. Upon synthesis of the data, it is empirically found that the MSMEs in India with specific reference to Bangalore suffer from huge inadequacies apart from a plethora of problems besetting them more pronounced from Note Ban in 2016, GST Introduction and now exacerbated by the after effects of the pandemic which are delineated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 70% of India's economy is involved in the agriculture sector to live their lives and contributed to the GDP of the country. The Crop yield information along with the environmental change estimate will be useful for the agriculturalist to decide on price policies prior to harvesting the food source. It establishes a requirement for the prediction model, which precisely determines the harvest conditions, crop varieties, and agricultural yield. In literature, numerous crop prediction methods were devised to estimate crop production in the agricultural field & each technique has its potential in terms of yield forecasting. This review article provides a detailed analysis of the utilized approaches in the literature for the prediction of crop production as well as a discussion on the identification of concerns related to the yield gaps of crops. The discussed approaches were classified based on the application of different strategies, such as Machine learning methods, Deep learning methods, Data mining techniques, vegetative indices, fuzzy logic, and hybrid methods. The study was analyzed based on performance metrics, year of publication, datasets employed, software used for experimentation, and performance attained using various methods and highlights the research gaps of the respective method along with the future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) as legal tender in various nations is something that several Central Banks around the world are planning in the near future. Similar intentions have been made public by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and an Indian CBDC can be expected soon. For any assessment of the impact, an evaluation of the potentials and difficulties brought on by the adoption of CBDCs is necessary. The current financial system is observing the entry of CBDC. The development of CBDC is accelerating the advancement of blockchain technology and virtual currencies with the support of Central Banks around the world. In this study, we examine the existing research on CBDC's in different countries. This research paper is analysing the differences between India's digital rupee and private Cryptocurrencies. Our current analysis can offer recommendations for the Introduction of Digital rupee in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green Human Resource Management [GHRM] practices are fast assuming importance in every sector today. This paper aims to understand the outcomes and antecedents of green HRM control at the firm level as well on individual level in the pharmaceutical sector. The study in particular, investigates the impact of Green HRM practices on environmental performance in the pharmaceutical sector, as the pharma industries play an important role in the economy of India. A quantitative study design was conducted using purposive sampling to select 189 respondents' data. Findings suggest that green HRM practices have a strong impact on the performance of the firm. Key impact is observed in the cost-cutting, reduced carbon footprints, improved energy conservation and increased profitability of the pharmaceutical firms. The results provide a useful insight into green HRM for sustainable performance of the pharmaceutical firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the current approaches in method of extraction of okra mucilage and application in pharmaceutical drug delivery system. Okra is a species of Abelmoschus esculentus L. belongs to the family of malvacae. In India, medicinal activity of okra is reported in traditional system like Unani, siddha and Ayurveda. Pharmacological uses of okra are anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-ulcer activity. Easily available in tropical and sub-tropical countries, non-toxic, biodegradable and cost effective used as excipient. Okra mucilage's were extracted in different method using acetone, ethanol etc. It is a property of highly viscous the may retard the drug in sustained release. This article mainly scrutinized that okra mucilage approaches in pharmaceutical drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent development in tourism is ecotourism. It is one of the tourism industry's fastest-growing subsectors. Ecotourism refers to any type of tourism that is focused on nature, has a little impact on the environment, includes locals in its planning and execution, and emphasises the importance of educating visitors. Ecotourism is distinct from other types of tourism because it is reliant on the maintenance of natural ecosystems so that they, and the cultural values they represent, can be experienced and appreciated by visitors. Many nations have come to rely on ecotourism as a major source of revenue. Ecotourism's ability to foster both economic growth and environmental protection in poor nations is exciting. This article will highlight the vast potential of Ecotourism in India by examining a few of the country's most popular Eco-tourism destinations. The present study also explores the emergence of ecotourism as an economic reader and the use of ecotourism as a tool for balancing environmental issues and sustainable development. This paper also includes a discussion of the government's efforts to promote ecotourism as a means of addressing modern environmental problems, as well as the results of a few studies of India's most popular ecotourism destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper talks about the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding legal aspects of organ donation among staff nurses in critical care and emergency units in selected hospitals of Gwalior, MP. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge and attitude regarding legal aspects of organ donation among staff nurses in critical care and emergency units, and to find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding legal aspects of organ donation among staff nurses of critical care and emergency units and also to find out the association between knowledge and attitude with selected background variables. The research approach adopted for the study was evaluative approach and the research design adopted was pre-experimental, one group pre-test - post-test design. Structured questionnaire containing 25 items on knowledge and of 15 statements 5 point Likert scale on assessing attitude were used. The findings of the study revealed that the Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge and attitude regarding legal aspects of organ donation was effective and the post test knowledge and attitude score on legal aspects of organ donation was higher than the pretest score. There found a significant association in the knowledge and attitude with previous source of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is the highly communicable disease which is being announced as pandemic by WHO. The disease has already impacted the economies of big nations like China, Italy, United states etc and now this disease is hitting our developing country i.e. India too. COVID-19 or Corona virus is human to human spread disease and thus social distancing is the only measure which everyone can take to minimize its spread. National lockdown is the measure taken by Government to create distance among people. But what will be the probable impact of this lockdown on different sectors of our country. This paper aims to analyze impact of COVID-19 on the educational sector of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow tourism is looked upon as a means of achieving green & sustainable tourism and is seen as an alternative to mass tourism. It is becoming popular amongst tourists, destination managers and tourism service providers. Slow tourism is an integrative concept that promotes sustainability in all aspects of a travelling journey. Advertisers and tourism service providers are marketing different features of slow tourism. Local Government bodies and state tourism development corporations are also promoting slow tourism through various social media and promotional campaign. The present research tries to explore the perception and preferences of Indian travellers regarding the concept of slow tourism. Methodology: This an exploratory research intending to study the perception and preferences of Indian travellers towards slow tourism. Semi structured interviews of tourists, destination managers and tourism service providers from India will be used to collect the data. Thematic apperception test will be used to evaluate the respondents' patterns of thoughts, emotional responses & attitudes towards slow tourism. Principal of saturation will be used to determine the sample size. Findings/Outcomes/Results: As an outcome of this paper the researchers propose to develop a model framework through which slow tourism can be embedded in the existing tourism practices of tourists, destination managers and tourism service providers. Implication: Through this research the researchers intend to create awareness about slow tourism and help to reduce the increasing environmental threats of fast tourism. It is also proposed to understand the perceived challenges in adapting slow tourism and to provide probable solutions to overcome this perception of the tourist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian market is moving more quickly than ever now. The internet is a channel for marketers to communicate with customers. People in India increasingly spend more time online daily, browsing the internet and using social media like Facebook, WhatsApp, and other sites. Thus, rather than focusing on conventional marketplaces, businesses are turning their market into a digital one by selling their goods online and making them accessible on numerous social media platforms. Social media is the source of the rise of digital marketing. People now spend time on social media, which is advantageous for marketers. India's digital marketing industry is expanding more quickly every day. Today Marketers are providing all the goods and services through online portals. It is only the way to gain success in the Consumer Market. This paper focuses on highlighting eCommerce's growth through digital marketing In India. 237 Marketers from digital marketing sector were surveyed to know the factors that determines the role of digital marketing in growth of E-commerce Business in India. The study concludes that Effective marketing, Target customer, Global reach and Strategy and Plans are the factors that determines the role of digital marketing in growth of E-commerce Business in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to look into Vastu Shastra, an antiquated Hindu science for building development, with current development procedures rehearsed in India. Vastu Shastra depends on the movement of the Sun with respect to the structure. The rooms were organized so that, contingent upon their capacity, every one of them should get regular light for the day. Because of technological advancement, the structures are built by the structure bye-laws outlined by local authorities. There exist contrasts just as similitudes in Vastu Shastra's ideas and developing structures in current occasions. So an endeavour has been made to join antiquated standards of Vastu Shastra in the current plan practices of private structures for accomplishing shared objectives of human wellbeing and worry for the climate. It is a short exploration that outlines the shared traits and offers guidelines that can be fused to develop rules for the improvement of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the historical framework of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The overview emphasises the historical achievements in the field of research while highlighting the relevance of HCI, its beginnings, and its growth on a global scale. In addition, the review focuses on the reasons why the subject of HCI emerged in India. It also covers the fundamentals of HCI, usability, and other related terms. The method used for this review article is based on literature search of journal articles, books, conference proceedings, websites, and online news related to the listed keywords. Given that HCI is becoming more and more integrated into our daily lives, it may be said that it will also be responsible for defining the future. It can be difficult for some users to imagine living without their devices because they have become an integral part of contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnobotany was worked to incorporate plant concentrates as well as investigations of green growth, lichens, and parasites. It is firmly connected with the science of scientific classification, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, environment, and preservation. So as to feature the therapeutic utilization of plants and there pharmacological angles, this article audits various ethnobotany messages and papers, and furthermore clarifies the extent of ethnobotany. It incorporates a concise survey of ethnobotany in India, onpast, present and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper focusses on the study of the responsibilities and obligations of a married woman towards her parents post her marriage. The method employed herein this study is a case study method through which an attempt has been made to critically analyse the judgement passed by the Bombay High Court in the matter of "Vasant versus Govindrao Upasrao Naik", Criminal Revision Petition Application No. 172/2014. The study further involves an effort to understand and throw light on the social status and rights of Women in India and evaluating the same with regards to the Indian Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aadha Gaon1 published in 1966 is widely known as Rahi Masoom Reza's magnum-opus. Reza's absolutely intricate narration captures the essence of Indian society and how the social praxis changed post India's Partition in 1947. Reza unveils that communal harmony was an element of Indian society even when at the surface level certain political parties were advocating the formation of Pakistan. The society co-existed and though there were minor disagreements among people, there was resilience and acceptance for each other regardless of religious differences. This paper broadly studies the dynamics of the Indian society represented by Reza and also grapples with the idea of 'Home' proposed by him in his works. Is home just a physical entity or is there more to it? How does the collective feeling of the co-existing society add up to his idea of 'Home'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Techno-marketing is a unique combination of technology + Marketing. Techno-marketing is a new disruptive way of marketing which is going to change the future of traditional marketing by using technology. It is the effective way to promote a company's products and services. By this, companies can attract their customers and easily interact with them. Technology is the backbone of all the market strategies around the globe. It provides a short time solution to solve complex marketing problems in today's competitive environment. In this paper, we have focused on Techno-marketing techniques such as Technology Marketing Mix (TM mix), Web 2.0, Cloud computing, Mobile computing and Electronic commerce which are commonly used by many companies in India for their promotional activities in the Indian market. As per the findings of the study, out of all Techno-marketing tools, Web 2.0, Mobile computing and Electronic commerce are the most commonly used by pharmaceutical companies. These technologies are fast catching up and have the potential to increase the sales of top global companies in future. It is also recommended that a company should promote its products using Techno-marketing Tools such as Web 2.0, Mobile computing and e-commerce which can be positively effective in Indian market. The study is based on a sample size of 103 retailers representing 8 top global companies in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug industry plays a significant role in helping a nation's economy grow. This study aims to evaluate representatives' job satisfaction in various pharma companies. It focuses on the relative importance of occupation fulfillment variables and how they affect representatives' overall job satisfaction. Additionally, it investigates how age, sex, gender, and drug type differences affect attitudes about finding fulfillment at work. The conclusion demonstrates that the primary factors contributing to job contentment are pay, skill at work, peripheral management, and collaborator relationship. The overall job satisfaction of those who work in the pharmaceutical industry is high. For drug organizations, the concept of company activity, the workplace culture, and the level of occupation fulfillment have undergone a radical transformation. As a result, the main goal of this investigation was to determine the significance of factors impacting job satisfaction, including working conditions, salary, opportunities for promotion, employer stability, morality, and relationships with coworkers and managers. This paper presents a far-reaching analysis of occupation fulfillment files of the drug business, the elements causing the disappointment, and ideas to further develop them. The study concludes that there is a significant impact of Work environment, Relation with colleagues and seniors, Salary and rewards and Growth and opportunity on employee job satisfaction in pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major problem faced by the Indian Economy is a balance of payment. India is always having the Current Account Deficit (USD 7.6 billion Q3 2020). This is because of the large presence of crude oil in the import basket of the nation. The lion share of the petroleum used by the transportation sector. India imports 96% of its oil consumption. The current electric vehicle penetration of the market is around 5 % in India. This paper tries to find out the effect on the balance payment and current account if half of the transportation sector is converted to the electric segment especially bikes, Cars, utility vehicles (UVs), and three-wheelers. This research trying to find out whether electric vehicles can make a huge impact on India's sustainable development and balance of payment of the nation and also find out whether it will be a huge burden on the Electric Grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, water contamination is a serious environmental issue. Untreated sewage is typically the main cause of water contamination in India. Protecting water quality for sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction becomes a greatest challenge with the technological change and population growth. Measurement of Water Quantity and Real Time Monitoring becomes mandate to advance the water stewardship. In this paper, to keep track of the quality, smart water quality monitoring system(Ph, temperature, turbidity) and analysing of water quantity (flow or level) based on IOT is proposed for the study area of Okkiyam Maduvu, watershed in Chennai. This system is implemented using various sensors to measure the water quality like Ph, temperature, turbidity sensor and for analysing water water quantity used flow or level sensors. All these sensors are controlled by using the microcontroller - Arduino ESP32. This proposed system is placed in the study area Okkiyam Maduvu watershed to monitor water quality and quantity and visualized those sensed data using the IOT platform through Blynk App. This helps to know the water level and its quality of Okkiyam Maduvu watershed and it helps to take necessary precaution if the water quality is reduced and its level raised beyond the level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian economy depends a lot on agriculture. Around 38% of the land in India is suitable for agriculture. The crop in the agricultural land is threatened by the diseases. These diseases may have been caused by microorganisms, viruses, fungi, and bacteria. The traditional method of identifying the crop disease by the naked eye needs enormous labor, expertise with crop diseases, and needs a lot of time. In most cases, by the time the results are out, the damage is already done. To avoid such problems, an automated system can be adapted for the detection of plant diseases. The aim is to build a model that is fast, accurate, and reliable that can be used for the identification of leaf diseases. In this article, we compared three deep learning neural networks we evaluated the performance of three deep neural networks and analyzed the strengths of each neural network interms of accuracy. We also determined the working of each model and its applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Training in India is another methodology for teaching understudies with handicaps and learning hardships with that typical one inside a similar rooftop. It unites all understudies in one available homeroom for all, no matter what their assets or shortcomings in any space, and tries to expand the capability, everything being equal. It is quite possibly the best manner by which to advance a comprehensive and open-minded society. Nonetheless, instructive administrations furnished in comprehensive arrangement to understudies with handicaps are quite possibly of the main region which should be explored over and over with regards to difficulties, new aspects, powerful exchange, and assessment. It's obviously true that the examinations done as such far are quantitative in nature, zeroing in on measurements however the need of great importance is to focus on encounters of understudies with handicaps, their battles, difficulties, methodologies, and their victories, and so on. The experience of understudies with handicaps may just be concentrated on through phenomenology. This technique for research is a type of subjective examination that spotlights the investigation of a person's lived encounters inside the world. The consequences of such a review will help in fostering a figuring out about comprehensive schooling, challenges, and procedures for guaranteeing full consideration for people with handicaps through the particular human experience of the peculiarity, and provokes they experience comparable to change in comprehensive training. The current paper manages the significance of Phenomenology as a compelling approach to concentrating on understudies with handicaps and how it can contribute to a superior comprehension of and arranging strategies for Comprehensive Schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retail sector continues to be the most blooming and powerful sector in India. In Indian economic system the contribution of the Retail quarter up to 10% of GDP is high-quality. A store is a service provider or an agent or a commercial enterprise corporation, whose major enterprise is promoting the goods and offerings immediately to customers thru various distribution channels the fame and fortune of the sector changed completely after the invasion of internet to the retail sector. Prior to the involvement of internet buying and selling was done physically through direct retailing but after the invasion of internet its E-commerce that's ruling the traditional retail sector in India. Online shopping is a part of e-trade which is accomplished commonly by way of the users due to e-commerce web sites in India which lets in us to purchase and promote the products according to our choice at less expensive charge. E-trade internet site has loads of impacts on extraordinary markets and shops. Many corporations began retail business thru website hosting their very own websites together with large form of products and services together with attractive offers to the customers. This platform works as a consortium which avails all the goods which can be available in petty shops to the big buying department shops. It incorporates apparels, shoes, plumbing substances, fixtures, jewelry and food gadgets and so forth. It allows the customers to buy the goods in keeping with their want in time without tons put off. As a result, as a result E-stores have emerged to fulfill the needs of massive segments of clients. On line shopping has experienced a rapid growth throughout the recent years due to its flexibility in operations. This study includes analysis about the benefits of online buying to the clients, Impact of increasing traits, challenges and threats faced by way of the fixed save stores. This paper puts up how E-commerce has changed the traditional retailing in India through the literature gathered from different experts and also suggest steps to improve traditional retailing in hand with E-commerce in India on due analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 10.5 percent of global adult population is living with diabetes. India has 77 million diabetic patients, it is the second highest in the world. Developing countries such as India face a huge burden of diabetes and its complications. Even children at the age of five are suffering from this disease. It is high time that people understand the gravity of the situation and make themselves fit to fight the disease than to suffer with it. If diabetes is not identified and treated in right time, it may lead to chronical health issues. In this paper a machine learning based prediction model is built to find the factors leading to complicated health issues such as cardio vascular disease. This model identifies the attributes that highly contribute to cardio vascular disease and compare various machine learning algorithms to predict cardio vascular disease among diabetic patients. It identifies the best algorithm from a set of supervised learning algorithms such as KNN, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes and Gradient Boosting for prediction based on several performance metrics. The algorithms are compared based on the performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, time taken to train and time taken to test. We identified that Decision Tree with entropy as the split criterion achieved the highest accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural communication aims to influence farming and farmers significantly. The most basic definition of communication is the transfer of information from the farmers to the tribal people. By doing that, communication only informs the tribal people of the inclusion of new technology, actual change cannot occur only if the tribal people also obtain the technology and the training necessary to employ it. Schedule areas agriculture is very different from plough farming elsewhere. Generally, tribal communities have low population density, undulating topography, thickly wooded areas, and transportation problems. Most of the hill tribes use shifting farming, in their cultivation. The majority of the hill tribes use shiftfog farming and sometimes prefer alternative cultivation. Tribal people still engage in shifting agriculture due to the physical characteristics of the hills, and unless forced otherwise by physical or economic considerations, they prefer this technique to permanent agriculture. The importance of agriculture communication in schedule areas and coffee cultivation in Araku Valley Andhra Pradesh are covered in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power of sight is considered as the most important of all senses. Blind people are often dependent on others for their daily tour. Over time several advancements in technology has helped in increasing entertainment and comfort for the blind. "Smart shoe" can assist the blind on their daily routine and can act as a comfortable and safe companion on their journey. Common assistances provided earlier for the blind include walking sticks or guide dogs. It includes ultrasonic sensors with a step counter that can alert the person of the impending obstacles. The technology results can improve their ways of growth and can drive them to lead their independent lives. Medical assistance can be provided depending on the pattern of the walk. The electronic hardware will be fixed in shoes for users. User will wear the shoe and travel anywhere, and attached sensor will be sense obstacles near to the shoes alerts with the help of visually impaired people. India contributes about 21% of the blind people over total population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides are a significant issue in India due to the country's varied topography, heavy monsoon rains, and deforestation, which contribute to soil instability and increased landslide risk. These natural disasters can cause damage to infrastructure and loss of life. In light of the ongoing problem of landslides in India, this research paper aims to address the need for effective landslide prediction strategies. Through the findings of this research study, a novel approach has been presented for predicting landslide occurrences in India, which will aid in reducing the impact of these events on infrastructure, communities, and lives. The work that has been carried out using data and information based in India has shown to have a low accuracy level. As a result, the model created using this information is not deemed to be very reliable. This study focuses on predicting landslides in India using machine learning models such as (Xtreme Gradient Boost) XGboost, random forest, and AdaBoost. Previous research on landslide prediction in India had not been widely done or had not achieved acceptable accuracy levels. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge and improve the predictability of landslides in India. The research is based on a database of different areas in India and aims to increase awareness and save lives and resources by predicting landslides with 91% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banks serve as engines that guide the money market, financial sector, and economic growth processes. The Indian banking sector has grown at a rapid rate, particularly as we approach the fourth industrial revolution. This, however, has not been without its share of difficulties. Frauds in Indian banks have been on the rise in tandem with the rapidly increasing banking business, and there is an urgent need to restructure the banking sector in India, considering recent scams involving billions of rupees. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyse the current trend of banking frauds and their role in the on-going rise of non-performing assets in India. The study also aims to shed insight on the impact of escalating bank frauds on the banking sector's profitability in India. The report states that the number of frauds affecting the Indian banking sector has been steadily increasing in recent years, resulting to an increase in nonperforming assets (NPAs) and negatively harming the banking sector's profitability. The only way to restore the trust of Indian banks and give the banking sector a facelift is for authorities to take tough action and find new ways to prevent and reduce fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A once-in-a-century pandemic Corona has a terrible impact on economy all around the world during the entire fiscal year 2020-21. Although the covid outbreak has caused a surge in electronic payments in the retail market, the Indian economy has shown resilience because to its strong fundamentals. When compared to the financial year prior to the pandemic, 2019/20, digital payments (retail) have greatly increased in both volume and value terms. The beneficial outcome has demonstrated India's digital payment system's ability to process a significant number of financial transactions via digital channels. The significant increase in digital payments that will occur in 2021 and 2022 will be successfully managed by the payment system thanks to the emonetization seeds planted on November 8th. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has been engaging the South East Asian nations actively as a result of its 'Look East Policy' started in 1990. India and ASEAN have mutual interests in a wide range of areas which include Commerce, Tourism, Foreign Affairs, Renewable Energy and Telecommunications, Agriculture, and Renewable Energy. It indicates the deepening and strengthening friendship of India and ASEAN. In this context, the present study attempts to throw light upon the evolution of Indo-ASEAN relations from a historical perspective. It dwells upon the developments that took place after the end of the Second World War and subsequent tectonic shifts in the geo-political equations across South East Asia. The study provides an account of the key events that shaped the Indo-ASEAN relations over a period of time. It also discusses the challenges posed to this relationship in the backdrop of China's emergence in Asia and makes policy suggestions to deal with these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banks are the pivot of development. The way the banking organisations function (Payer) will influence the performance of the banks as well as the target group (The Receiver). There will be always a business relationship between the banks and their customers. This relationship will be solidified and continue to exist for a lifetime and beyond (generation customers). When a bank lives longer, it means better performance by establishing a continuous customer relationship. It is in this context, a study on the organisational foundations to its performance is critical and essential. The present study aims at establishing a temporal relationship between organisational foundations - Vision, Mission, Objectives, Goals / Values, and Strategies and needs to be juxtaposed for a concomitant relationship. The study covers four types of banks in India - Public Sector (PSBs), Private Sector(Pvt_SBs), Foreign Banks(FBs), and All Scheduled Commercial Banks (ASCBs). The organisational foundational variables such as Vision, Mission, Objectives, Goals/Values, and Strategies are culled out to test the hypothesis of the significance of organisational foundations as explicitly stated will lead to better performance of the banks by type. The above hypothesis is tested using ANOVA Fixed Effects Model for all performance variables at the aggregate level. The data are culled out from reports of eighty banks which form a major chunk of the banks in India. The sources of data are bank websites, annual reports, RBI websites, EPWRF data sets, and the like. The data have been tabulated by bank type from 1991-92 to 2019-20 - the post-liberalization period in India. The findings of the study are: PSBs although form 56.5% of the total transactions (credit) have mixed levels of performance. Some areas are statistically significant and some are not. The organisational foundational variables have moderate clarity and are in most of the cases, objectives and goals are not specified. The Pvt_SBs have a market share of 35.4% of total transactions that are urban-centric and have been performing well and most of the variables are documented. The FBs which are operating in India are clear about all the organisational variables except strategy. The share of the FBs in Indian urban transactions is 4.19% of the total and all the parameters of performance show the statistically significant result at 1% level. Generally, there will be no autocorrelation effect in the time model tested. This means Foreign Banks make very little or minimum time-oriented errors. The paper suggests that all types of banks in India must emulate the FBs to have stronger organisational foundations which in the long run facilitate better competitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to an estimation, there were around 12.65 million retail grocery stores in India in 2020. These Stores typically covered 100-200 square feet and kept stock of around 500-1000 items. These small retail shops generate yearly average revenue of 18-25 lac, of this the profit margins are around 3-4% i.e., Rs 54,000-72,000 yearly. From discussions with shop owners running small to medium retail stores from twothree generations, the challenge seems to be either overstocking leading to wastage, or stock-out leading to customer diversion. Small retail stores usually are managed using the primitive hit and trial method when it comes to inventory management, that only becomes moderately efficient in case of extensive experience of the manager. The following paper presents a study of three inventory control techniques in order to optimize revenue by controlling the inventory efficiently for small retail stores in India. The purpose of this study is to figure out a pattern connecting inventory control with optimal revenue which may further be converted into an algorithm for software that may help small retail store owners all over India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda is the ancient medical system in India that uses nasal therapy. During COVID -19 pandemic, the ministry of AYUSH provided guidelines to boost immunity. The Nasya (nasal delivery) was one of the recommendations by the AYUSH ministry to boost immunity. Nasya has been still in practice for various ailments like chronic rhinitis, headache, cervical spondylosis, Dyspnea, etc., but the knowledge about how Nasya works is still unclear. This review article discusses the practice and current advances in nasal delivery in modern science. It also discusses the possible mechanism of how Nasya can act and boost immunity and what research can be done in the form of clinical and experimental studies to increase the knowledge and understanding of Nasya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: - Lakhwar-Vyasi Project, a significant project initiated in 1992 and finally completed in 2022; witnessed the rights violation and impacted the livelihoods of Lohari village when they were vacated without resettlement. This study analysis the interconnectedness between mainstreaming and commercialization on one hand and the necessity of preserving indigenous group for sustainable environment. Methods: - The data pool comprised 156 publications from the years 1979 to 2022, spread across eight different document categories. This study is also based on a historical and descriptive analysis of the literature on ethnicity and indigenous populations, while also undertaking a scientific investigation into the empirical research on source material regarding the construction of hydroelectric power plants. Results: - The need to determine how many dams will displace indigenous communities in the near future and how much this will affect India's ecological balance has become urgent. This is because all such projects disrupt settlement by uprooting both the local culture and its ecological balance at the same time. Conclusion: - Locating and awakening the majority of the planet will get us closer to understanding why we should protect this system, which is why protecting Indigenous Communities is crucial for the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers play a vital role in educational development and educational reforms in the country. Therefore, for making the educational policies, programs, and system to be successful, the school's work culture and subsequently teachers' job satisfaction is of cardinal importance. Thus, the most pertinent question that comes forward is whether teachers are satisfied with their profession. Whether their service conditions and policies are adequately providing them with professional satisfaction? To attain educational goals and to enhance the educational outcome, the dire need is to analyze the overall job satisfaction of teachers, keeping socio-economic, psychological, and administrative aspects of the problem in view. This study attempted to make a comparative study of the job satisfaction of government schools' teachers with that of private schools' teachers to ascertain their level of job satisfaction with special reference to PTR, Corporal Punishment, and workload provisions of the RTE Act. This study is an attempt to make a comparative study of satisfaction of schools keeping socioeconomic, psychological, and administrative aspects of the problem. In this study issues related to the academic responsibilities of teachers and other issues related to the teaching-learning process; development of school curriculum; working hours of the teachers; prohibition of deployment of teachers for non-educational work; Classroom- Teacher Ratio in schools, Pupil-Teacher Ratio have been studied in-depth to make a comparative assessment of Job satisfaction of Teachers in public and private schools in India. The school teachers are normally overburdened with non-teaching or administrative duties, consuming a lot of their time. Preparation of several reports and writing down every detail of expenditure resulted in a waste of teaching time. Besides this, teachers in government schools have to do other activities like census data collection, disaster relief duties, or duties related to elections. Teachers are mentally and physically exhausted/drained leaving little time for their personal or family obligations. The teachers' staff room with certain basic amenities for providing brief relaxation during hectic teaching schedules, an interaction opportunity with colleagues, and also to energize them as well as to infuse in their confidence, mutual support, and motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most efficient homoeopathic treatment for hypertension is R. serpentina mother tincture due to presence of indole alkaloid Reserpine. It is overexploited and commonly harvested for commercial purposes which lead to its extinction. As a result it has now become an endangered plant species in India so manufactures are using cultivated species. Consequently there is a need to scientifically validate comparative clinical verification of wild and cultivated R. serpentina mother tincture in mild essential hypertension. This study was planned for comparative clinical verification of wild and cultivated R. serpentina mother tincture in stage I essential hypertension. Phase II, double blind, randomized, parallel assignment, monocentric, clinical trial was undertaken on the population suffering from Stage I essential hypertension. Out of 503 screened patients, 108 patients were voluntary recruited which fulfill the case definition, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria. 108 patients suffering from stage I essential hypertension; randomized to receive either wild MT (n = 104) or cultivated MT (n = 104). The therapeutic efficacy of wild and cultivated R. serpentina mother tincture in patients with stage I essential hypertension has been statistically proven. However, effect observed in wild sample are higher than cultivated sample. R. serpentina MT from wild and cultivated species has significantly favorable effect in patients suffering from stage I essential hypertension but R. serpentina MT, from wild species was relatively more effective than those from cultivated ones. To overcome the issue of extinction of Rauvolfia, its cultivation is crucial and further researches must be done to enhance the therapeutic value of cultivated species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term sustainability can be stated as the ability to meet the current needs for development without impacting on the future generations abilities to meet with their own needs. The need to encourage sustainable fashion is very essential as it can contribute enormously towards creating a better living scenario for the future generations to come. The study uses nonprobabilistic method of sampling in which judgment and convenience sampling is used for collecting data. A structured questionnaire has been designed from the literature review conducted for the study in a 5 Point Likert Type scale. A total of 240 responses have been collected which would be sufficient for conducting statistical analysis such as multiple linear regression. the dominance of the demographic characteristics such as gender, age, income status and employment on the concerns for sustainability in fashion is statistically proven. The need to include demographic aspects when talking on the matter thus is quite crucial. The study have shown that there are four items extracted that can define overall need for sustainable fashion. These four factors are categorised based on their characteristics and are termed as performance expectancy measure, the perceived ease of use, social influence and the utilitarian value. All the factors are important considerations in fashion and now are being found to cause an impact on the sustainable fashion aspect as well. However, the intention to adopt sustainable fashion is found to be affected by only two factor including the social influence and perceived ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evolution of mobile phones from basic to smart phones has spread technology across age, gender, and region. Mobile phone addiction has become a behavioural addiction among students. Anxiety and Fear of Missing out cause university students to check their phones 150 times a day, a new study finds. People also use smartphones for non-calling purposes, such as accessing social networking sites, using Google, and watching YouTube videos. Aims & Objectives: The study is to assess the level of addiction to smart phone Usage, and its associated implication on youth from selected colleges in Chennai City. Materials and Methods: Over the period of six months the data pertaining to the study area was collected through a structured questionnaire. A total of 200+ samples were collected factors arrtibuting to usage of mobiles using the google forms from selected colleges at Chennai. Descriptive and inferential statistics would be calculated for the data set to draw meaningful inferences out the data and to draw conclusion. Preferably Correlation between - no. of hours spent on social media usage, gaming, OTT(Over-the-Top), change in lifestyle (Behavioural change among youths) due to smartphone usage addiction and Percentage Analysis, Correlation and Chi-square test would be carried out to know the exact relationship among the variables using SPSS v.21. Results: There is a negative correlation exists between time for study and time dedicated for study which means students are not concentrating and positive relationship exist between time for study to studies besides games which means playing games while study. Negative relationship exists between time for study to skipping meal and frequently checking mobile phone for notifications. Concentrate on studies besides games to obedient to parents is found to be positively correlated and avoiding social events, skipping meal and frequency of checking mobile for alters is negatively correlated, which means studies beside playing games is a new way of learning it goes side by side. Students are not ready to participate in social events, skip meal and not like to avoid frequently checking their mobile for alerts/ notifications. Conclusion and Suggestions: Gender and Time spent on social media, Attributes to check and use mobile frequently, Time Spent on Gaming apps, Time spent on favourite social media app, Time spent on OTT apps are associated with each other. Irrespective of gender the Time spent on the above things is same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world over energy resources are getting scarcer and increasingly exorbitant with time. In India bridging the ever- widening gap between energy demand and supply by increasing supply is an expensive option. The share of energy costs in total production costs can, therefore improve profit levels in all the industries. Thermal Power Plant is a major source of electricity production by coal. We will understand the overview of Thermal Power Plant i.e its parts such as boiler, turbine etc. Overview of Thermal Power Plant is very important for its better functioning and for its maintenance. The satisfactory design consist of selection of sites; estimation of cost; selection of Boiler, Turbine, Electrical Generator, Cooling System. The Transportation of electrical energy is more economical to the transportation of coal. So, we have to put greater efforts on thermal power plant as it is very economical for us. This reduction can be achieved by improving the efficiency of industrial operations and equipments. Energy plays an important role in identifying energy conservation opportunities in the industrial sector, while they do not provide the final answer to the problem; they do help to identify potential for energy conservation and induces the companies to concentrate their efforts in this area in a focused manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India, with a population of 1.2 billion people, is one of the world's fastest growing economies. India has committed itself to the rapid growth that is essential for economic and social development and poverty alleviation. While India's energy consumption and carbon emissions are only a small fraction of the world's total energy consumption and carbon emissions (less than 5 %), both are likely to grow rapidly due to structural changes in the Indian economy. India has revealed that electricity, cement and waste emissions have more than doubled since 1994, making India the fifth largest emitter in the world after 1994.1 Carbon mitigation in India is complicated because India has large coal reserves but limited gas and oil reserves, and most of India's carbon emissions result from the use of coal in the electricity and industrial sectors.2 A growing population and rapid industrialization and urbanization, coupled with climate change, will create additional pressure on India's overall ecological and socio-economic system. India's per capita emissions, however, are about one ton per year, which contrasts sharply with the global average of four tons per year. India is more dependent on coal as it has large reserves of coals than gas and oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies have shown, the burden and impact of OA in India are substantial and it is increasing. The current pilot study compared the levels of biomarkers in cases to those in healthy controls and within grades. Materials and method: 95 subjects between the ages of 40 and 75 were a part of the study. Out of 95, knee OA cases were 63, and normal healthy subjects were 32. It also assessed the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines and biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-a, CTX-I, and CTX-II) from patients with Kellegren-Lawrence grades 1-4. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, correlation, and ROC were used for comparison, and association, to find sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Result: 20% of the participants were in stage 3 and 4 categories of K-L grade. Cases showed significantly higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CTX-I compared to controls. A consecutive significant (p = .04) increase was observed with mean IL-6 within 4 grades of OA while mean TNF-α showed an increase in 3rd and 4th grade as compared to 1st and 2nd grade (P = .01). Conclusion: From the ROC curve, the biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, CTX-I and TNF-α, and IL-6 together) are good predictors of Severe OA. The highest predictive value was observed with IL-6 and TNF-α a together. There is a need for research, development, Quantification, and application of biomarkers with large sample sizes. A tool is required for the validation of biomarkers in OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are the major source of energy for humans. Leafy vegetables are rich sources of nutrients, fibers, minerals and trace elements which help in treatment of diseases and maintaining good health. However heavy metal contamination due to environmental pollution results in poisonous and hazardous effects. This study is based on the concentration of heavy metals in leafy vegetables in a village named Kundra located in district Koraput, 42 kilometers from Koraput of Odisha, India, which has a population of about 5326.About 130 samples were examined and studied from the local market of Kundra. These leafy vegetables commonly called Lal bhaji sago (Red Spinach), Muniga Sago (Drumstick Leaves) and Methi sago (Fenugeek leaves) were used for this study. The samples were cut air dried for four days. Next it was washed in 20% v/v solution of nitric acid, dried sample was then grounded into powder, it was sieved through nylon sieve of size 2mm. The digestion of the sample involves 20 ml of concentrated nitric acid, perchloric acid, and hydrochloric acid in the ratio of 10:1:3, followed by drying at 105 degree Celsius on a hot plate. The obtained solution was than filtered, the residue was than analyzed using digital spectrophotometer by continuous dilution method. The concentration of Iron, copper and zinc was determined, which constituted below permissible limit according to World Health Organization. Monitoring heavy metals in vegetables is essential; as these are considered to be a major indicator of environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine the difference between commercially available Telmisartan sustained release tablets in relation to its quality studies. Methods: Four commercially available telmisartan sustain release tablets manufactured in India were evaluated for four in vitro parameters, both official and non-official, viz., uniformity of weight, hardness test, drug content, disintegration and dissolution test. The test was followed as per I.P guidelines Results: All the products met the requirements as per general specifications of Indian Pharmacopoeia for tablets. It is concluded that despite some apparent minor difference in tablet hardness, thickness, drug content and dissolution characteristic of various commercially available Telmisartan sustain release marketed tablets appear to be similar and not significantly different from various manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]