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Background: Malocclusions are expected to affect subjective attraction, social recognition, and intellect. For dentofacial deformities, functional concerns can also arise. The previous research has established a gradient on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) scores through malocclusion intensity, particularly in the social and emotional realms. This study is used to assess the quality of oral health. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty patients began orthodontic therapy at a tertiary-care facility. Treatment in the orthodontic clinic is restricted to serious malocclusions. The study was selected from patients who meet the qualifying requirements of extreme malocclusion and orofacial clefting. The research removed patients with diagnosed hereditary syndromes. Patients got either single-arch or double-arch fixed equipment during their orthodontic procedure. Subjects were categorized as orthodontic patients with extreme malocclusions, needing orthodontic therapy, and severe spinal discrepancies, requiring both orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgery. The overall score of one subject was 0–56, while the domain score was 0–8. Higher ratings for oral health profiles reflect a stronger effect on the relative quality of life of oral health. Results: For the 14 objects, the mean baseline Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) score for all three categories was not statistically different for about half of the items. For surgery participants, the OHIP-14 baseline scores were nearly twice as large as the scores of the other two categories for each of these things (P = 0.05). There were a lot of statistically important variations involving the categories, and the three most significant ones are revealing pattern here. The multiple comparison power of nonsignificant predictive variables was extremely weak for the area of physical pain is 5.2%; 41.2% of remaining tests, and 84% for the functional limitation and mental deficiency domain. Conclusion: Patients receiving a mixture of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic therapy have comparatively low OHRQoL baseline; however in contrast with normal and cleft patients, they still gain the most from care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of dental caries and gingival disease is at higher level in orthodontic patients. The present study demonstrated oral health status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontics. Methodology: A total of 168 patients age ranged 12–17 years who were undergoing orthodontic treatment for 2 years of both genders were recruited. The assessment of dental caries as Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score and plaque index was determined at first, second, and last visits. Results: Age 12 years had 22 males and 28 females, 13 years had 14 males and 22 females, 14 years had 8 males and 18 females, 15 years had 7 males and 15 females, 16 years had 6 males and 14 females, and 17 years had 9 males and 5 females. The mean DMFT score in age group 12 years was 1.74 and 2.24 at first and third visits, respectively, at 13 years was 1.60 and 2.04 at first and third visits, respectively, at 14 years was 2.38 and 2.72 at first and third visits, respectively, at 15 years was 1.74 and 2.08, at 16 years was 3.32 and 3.56 and at 17 years was 3.40, and 3.64 at first and third visits, respectively. Conclusion: There was significant higher dental caries and plaque index in age group 12 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malocclusions are expected to affect subjective attraction, social recognition, and intellect. For dentofacial deformities, functional concerns can also arise. The previous research has established a gradient on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) scores through malocclusion intensity, particularly in the social and emotional realms. This study is used to assess the quality of oral health. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty patients began orthodontic therapy at a tertiary-care facility. Treatment in the orthodontic clinic is restricted to serious malocclusions. The study was selected from patients who meet the qualifying requirements of extreme malocclusion and orofacial clefting. The research removed patients with diagnosed hereditary syndromes. Patients got either single-arch or double-arch fixed equipment during their orthodontic procedure. Subjects were categorized as orthodontic patients with extreme malocclusions, needing orthodontic therapy, and severe spinal discrepancies, requiring both orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgery. The overall score of one subject was 0-56, while the domain score was 0-8. Higher ratings for oral health profiles reflect a stronger effect on the relative quality of life of oral health. Results: For the 14 objects, the mean baseline Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) score for all three categories was not statistically different for about half of the items. For surgery participants, the OHIP-14 baseline scores were nearly twice as large as the scores of the other two categories for each of these things (P = 0.05). There were a lot of statistically important variations involving the categories, and the three most significant ones are revealing pattern here. The multiple comparison power of nonsignificant predictive variables was extremely weak for the area of physical pain is 5.2%; 41.2% of remaining tests, and 84% for the functional limitation and mental deficiency domain. Conclusion: Patients receiving a mixture of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic therapy have comparatively low OHRQoL baseline; however in contrast with normal and cleft patients, they still gain the most from care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of dental caries and gingival disease is at higher level in orthodontic patients. The present study demonstrated oral health status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontics. Methodology: A total of 168 patients age ranged 12-17 years who were undergoing orthodontic treatment for 2 years of both genders were recruited. The assessment of dental caries as Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score and plaque index was determined at first, second, and last visits. Results: Age 12 years had 22 males and 28 females, 13 years had 14 males and 22 females, 14 years had 8 males and 18 females, 15 years had 7 males and 15 females, 16 years had 6 males and 14 females, and 17 years had 9 males and 5 females. The mean DMFT score in age group 12 years was 1.74 and 2.24 at first and third visits, respectively, at 13 years was 1.60 and 2.04 at first and third visits, respectively, at 14 years was 2.38 and 2.72 at first and third visits, respectively, at 15 years was 1.74 and 2.08, at 16 years was 3.32 and 3.56 and at 17 years was 3.40, and 3.64 at first and third visits, respectively. Conclusion: There was significant higher dental caries and plaque index in age group 12 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) has many beneficial properties, but it has poor physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, new glass ionomer cement (GIC) is manufactured by adding zinc to improve the mechanical properties of GIC ChemFil Rock. This material possesses better flexural tensile strength and compressive strength in comparison to conventional to CGIC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare four properties of ZRGI like fracture toughness, surface micro-hardness, abrasive wear, and roughness to other GIC material, which are commercially available as: resin-coated glass ionomer (EQUIA FIL). Materials and Methods: The study was done in dual phase. In phase-1, micro-hardness surface roughness, abrasion of four GIC and a composite resin as control was analyzed and in phase-2, fracture toughness of four GIC was done at 24 h interval so that all cement achieve its peak strength. Results: Micro-hardness value of ChemFil Rock was lowest among different GIC groups. All four GIC group exhibit similar abrasion capacities, while composite were more wear-resistant significantly. Roughness change was highest on ChemFil Rock compared to other GIC. EQUIA FIL has the highest fracture toughness, followed by ChemFil Rock. Conclusion: We can conclude that incorporating zinc in the matrix of chemfil rock increases fracture toughness and good abrasive wear, but it does not improve micro-hardness or surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) has many beneficial properties, but it has poor physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, new glass ionomer cement (GIC) is manufactured by adding zinc to improve the mechanical properties of GIC ChemFil Rock. This material possesses better flexural tensile strength and compressive strength in comparison to conventional to CGIC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare four properties of ZRGI like fracture toughness, surface micro-hardness, abrasive wear, and roughness to other GIC material, which are commercially available as: resin-coated glass ionomer (EQUIA FIL). Materials and Methods: The study was done in dual phase. In phase-1, micro-hardness surface roughness, abrasion of four GIC and a composite resin as control was analyzed and in phase-2, fracture toughness of four GIC was done at 24 h interval so that all cement achieve its peak strength. Results: Micro-hardness value of ChemFil Rock was lowest among different GIC groups. All four GIC group exhibit similar abrasion capacities, while composite were more wear-resistant significantly. Roughness change was highest on ChemFil Rock compared to other GIC. EQUIA FIL has the highest fracture toughness, followed by ChemFil Rock. Conclusion: We can conclude that incorporating zinc in the matrix of chemfil rock increases fracture toughness and good abrasive wear, but it does not improve micro-hardness or surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare the fracture resistance of endodontic treated tooth restored with GIC, amalgam, and composite cements. Materials and Methods: Forty teeth were divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each. Group I teeth were restored with silver amalgam. Group II teeth were restored with GIC. Group III teeth were restored with composite and Group IV teeth were control in which no alteration was performed. Testing machine applied force on teeth to detect fracture resistance. Results: The mean fracture resistance was maximum in Group IV (1050.2 N) followed by Group III (956.2 N), Group I (836.4 N), and Group II (766.4 N). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean difference of fracture resistance was significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Composite resin possesses highest fractures resistance as compared to GIC and silver amalgam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aims to develop simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method for estimation of Zolpidem tartrate in tablet dosage forms. Materials and Methods: For method I, II, III and IV in a series of 10 ml volumetric flask, aliquots of standard drug solution (100 μg/ml) in 0.1N HCl were transferred and diluted with same so as to give several dilutions in concentration range of 5-30 μg/ml, 5-30 μg/ml, 10-50 μg/ml and 5-40 μg/ml respectively of zolpidem tartrate. To 5 ml of each dilution taken in a separating funnel, (5 ml of bromo phenol red, bromo cresol purple, bromo cresol green and bromo phenol blue for method I, II, III and IV respectively) reagent and 5 ml of chloroform was added. Reaction mixture was shaken gently for 5 min and allowed to stand so as to separate aqueous and chloroform layer. Absorbance maxima measured at 407 nm, 417 nm, 412 nm and 415 nm for method I, II, III and IV respectively. Results: The recovery studies were found close to 100 % that indicates accuracy and precision of the proposed methods. The statistical analysis was carried out and results of which were found satisfactory. Standard deviation values were found low that indicated reproducibility of the proposed methods. Conclusion: Based on results the developed methods could be used for routine estimation of zolpidem tartrate from tablet formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tooth wear (attrition) is a multifactorial entity, the pathogenesis of which involves many factors but the role of malocclusion cannot be undermined. Overjet and overbite play an important role in defining occlusion, hence they should also play an important role in causing attrition. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship of dental health status between the vertical and horizontal overlap. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 600 patients selected randomly from rural population which were divided into three equal groups as per the predefined criteria, namely, horizontal overlap, vertical overlap, and control group. All patients were examined for the tooth attrition. Results: In Group 1 - 73 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, in Group 2 - 38 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, and in the control group, 22 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition. Conclusion: It was concluded that both vertical and horizontal abnormal relationships of teeth play an important role in the etiology of attrition, with abnormal horizontal overlap being the more detrimental as compared to the vertical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is a chronic, widespread, and infectious disease affecting the large population. Anticariogenic effects of different herbs and natural products are observed, cinnamon among these, showed the ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the cinnamon water extract use on nicotine exposed S. mutans biolfilms. Materials and Methods: Microtiter plates having S. mutans culture were treated using varying nicotine concentration range (0-32 mg/ml). These were then either subjected to cinnamon water (2.5 mg/ml) extract or no treatment and analyzed using a spectrophotometer to see planktonic growth, total growth absorbance, and biofilm formation. Results: About 2.5 mg/ml of cinnamon water inhibits the S. mutans biofilm (nicotine-induced) considerably at various nicotine levels (0-32 mg/ml). Conclusion: Cinnamon water extract has a powerful inhibitory effect for S. mutans growth. Nicotine-induced S. mutans growth is markedly reduced by treating with cinnamon water extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tooth wear (attrition) is a multifactorial entity, the pathogenesis of which involves many factors but the role of malocclusion cannot be undermined. Overjet and overbite play an important role in defining occlusion, hence they should also play an important role in causing attrition. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship of dental health status between the vertical and horizontal overlap. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 600 patients selected randomly from rural population which were divided into three equal groups as per the predefined criteria, namely, horizontal overlap, vertical overlap, and control group. All patients were examined for the tooth attrition. Results: In Group 1 – 73 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, in Group 2 – 38 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition, and in the control group, 22 patients out of 200 showed one or more teeth attrition. Conclusion: It was concluded that both vertical and horizontal abnormal relationships of teeth play an important role in the etiology of attrition, with abnormal horizontal overlap being the more detrimental as compared to the vertical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental caries is a chronic, widespread, and infectious disease affecting the large population. Anticariogenic effects of different herbs and natural products are observed, cinnamon among these, showed the ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the cinnamon water extract use on nicotine exposed S. mutans biolfilms. Materials and Methods: Microtiter plates having S. mutans culture were treated using varying nicotine concentration range (0–32 mg/ml). These were then either subjected to cinnamon water (2.5 mg/ml) extract or no treatment and analyzed using a spectrophotometer to see planktonic growth, total growth absorbance, and biofilm formation. Results: About 2.5 mg/ml of cinnamon water inhibits the S. mutans biofilm (nicotine-induced) considerably at various nicotine levels (0–32 mg/ml). Conclusion: Cinnamon water extract has a powerful inhibitory effect for S. mutans growth. Nicotine-induced S. mutans growth is markedly reduced by treating with cinnamon water extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal health is a critical aspect of overall oral health, yet public awareness and education on this topic remain limited. With the increasing prevalence of online health education platforms, it is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of online periodontal health workshops compared with traditional in-person workshops on improving public awareness. Materials and Methods: Study Design: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the impact of online and in-person periodontal health workshops on public awareness. Participants (N = 500) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the online workshop group or the in-person workshop group. Online Workshop: Participants in this group accessed an interactive online periodontal health workshop, consisting of video presentations, animations, and quizzes. The workshop covered topics, such as gum disease prevention, oral hygiene, and the importance of regular dental checkups. In-Person Workshop: Participants in this group attended a traditional in-person periodontal health workshop conducted by dental professionals. The content and duration of this workshop mirrored the online version. Pre- and Postworkshop Assessments: Both groups completed pre-workshop and postworkshop assessments, including a knowledge questionnaire and a self-assessment of oral health habits. Arbitrary scores were assigned to quantify knowledge gain (0–100%). Results: Participants in the online workshop group showed a mean knowledge gain of 30% (standard deviation (SD) = 5.2), while those in the in-person workshop group exhibited a mean knowledge gain of 35% (SD = 4.7). The self-assessment of oral health habits indicated an improvement in both groups, with 60% of participants reporting better oral hygiene practices. Conclusion: Both online and in-person periodontal health workshops demonstrated effectiveness in improving public awareness and promoting better oral health habits. Combining both modalities could be an effective strategy for comprehensive public education on periodontal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral cancer is a significant global health issue, with prevention and early detection being pivotal for improved outcomes. This study investigates the impact of cultural and socioeconomic factors on oral cancer prevention behaviors, screening participation, and treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving a sample size of 1,000 participants. Participants were recruited through stratified sampling to ensure cultural and socioeconomic diversity. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were used to explore associations between factors and outcomes. Results: The study revealed multifaceted influences of cultural and socioeconomic factors on oral cancer-related aspects. Cultural factors significantly influenced prevention behaviors, with participants from certain cultural backgrounds exhibiting higher rates of tobacco use and lower rates of dietary adherence). Socioeconomic status played a role in screening uptake, with individuals from lower income brackets less likely to undergo regular screenings. Conclusion: Cultural and socioeconomic factors have a substantial influence on oral cancer prevention behaviors, screening participation, and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral cancer is a significant global health concern with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection during routine dental check-ups is crucial for improved patient outcomes. Dental professionals play a pivotal role in conducting oral cancer screenings, but the frequency and methods they employ remain understudied. Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the frequency of oral cancer screenings during routine dental check-ups conducted by dental professionals and the methods they commonly use. Materials and Methods: A survey was administered to 500 dental professionals, including dentists and dental hygienists, representing diverse demographics and practice settings. The survey collected data on the frequency of oral cancer screenings and the primary methods employed. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: The study found that 85% of dental professionals conduct oral cancer screenings during routine dental check-ups, with 48% performing them annually and 33% at every visit. Visual inspection (97%) and palpation (83%) were the most commonly used methods, while adjunctive screening tools (45%) were less frequently incorporated. Conclusion: Dental professionals are actively engaged in oral cancer screenings during routine dental check-ups, demonstrating a commitment to early detection. Visual inspection and palpation are commonly employed methods, but there is room for improvement in the adoption of adjunctive screening tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community water fluoridation is a well-recognized public health initiative known for its efficacy in preventing dental cavities. The positive effects of fluoride on tooth enamel have led to widespread implementation of water fluoridation programs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1,000 participants from diverse age groups, spanning children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, residing in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Comprehensive periodontal assessments included measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence of gingival inflammation. Participants were categorized into "fluoridated" or "non-fluoridated" groups based on their residential history. Results: Fluoridated communities consistently displayed lower mean PDs, CALs, and rates of gingival inflammation across all age groups. Notably, the reduction in PD and CAL reached approximately 0.5 millimeters and 0.3 millimeters, respectively, while the decrease in gingival inflammation ranged from 3% to 5%. Conclusion: This study suggests a potential link between community water fluoridation and enhanced periodontal health, as evidenced by improved PDs, CALs, and reduced gingival inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) includes caries detection using caries risk assessment (CRA), early localization of nascent carious sores including necessary and voluntary avoidance, and remineralization of demineralized veneer and dentin when diagnosed early for these reasons. Although the dentistry curriculum prioritizes the benefits of MID in tooth protection, this research is seldom included in classroom instruction. Aim: The purpose of this research was to gauge the level of understanding that dental professionals have about MID ideas. Methods: An online questionnaire measuring MID knowledge and application was used to compile the data. The Chi-square tests were run for statistical analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Just 42.2% of the dentists who replied had MID training during their undergraduate or internship years, and the majority of that training came via lectures (45.2%). The majority (almost 81%) of respondents believed that CRA should be performed on all patients. Differences in knowledge and experience with atraumatic restorative therapy and the sandwich approach for treating caries in permanent teeth and high caries risk children were shown to be statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: Dentists know about the benefits of MID, but their patients are not reaping those benefits since so many dentists still use the old methods of treating complete caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To access the patient's expectations of orthodontic treatment at the first visit. Materials and Methods: Three hundred new patients to the orthodontics department were included in the analysis. Their demographic details and their opinions on what they hoped to gain from orthodontic treatment were gleaned from their replies to a well-crafted questionnaire. Results: Most respondents were more concerned with the cosmetic results of orthodontic treatment than they were with the therapy's practical benefits. They hoped that after having their teeth straightened, they would feel more comfortable interacting with others and have a better overall appearance. In terms of improving one's job and making one's speaking simpler, the mean scores were the lowest. The female participants averaged higher marks than the male participants across all areas studied, with the greatest mark coming in the area of improved smiles. Conclusion: An effective outcome from orthodontic therapy requires full patient participation. Before beginning treatment, it is important for the orthodontist and patient to have an agreement on the patient's reasonable expectations for the therapy's outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine which factors contribute to the development of oral precancerous lesions and subsequent mouth cancer. Materials and Methods: Throughout the trial, 450 patients agreed to participate in the investigation. The subjects comprised patients with squamous cell carcinoma (n = 79), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) (n = 200), leukoplakia (n = 41), lichen planus (n = 10), and controls (n = 120). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Chi-square and regression analysis. Results: All oral precancerous lesions were shown to have a high prevalence of chewing, which was found to have a strong link with oral cancer. Oral precancerous lesions and cancer were also substantially connected with the length of time someone had the habit and how often they engaged in it. Conclusion: Oral cancer and precancerous lesions were determined to be less of a worry when other risks such as drinking and smoking were taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current study examined the accuracy of casts generated using direct impression processes with and without splints for multiple dental implants utilizing two different splinting materials and impression materials. Materials and Methods: Dental replacement base intensity alleviating acrylic tar was used to create a reference model of a mandible with four inserts (Uniti, Equinox, D-3.7 mm, and L-13 mm) in the front. Polyether and polyvinyle siloxane impression materials were used to make impressions of the reference model utilizing direct non-splinted and splinted techniques. Results: Polyether impression material was found to produce more accurate impressions than polyvinyl siloxane, and impressions made using transfer copings splinted with pattern resins were found to be more accurate than those made using either unsplinted copings or copings splinted with light-cured wax resin. Conclusions: All six impression techniques resulted in casts that were different from the reference model. Next, the polyether-splinted (SPR) technique is the nonsplinted technique employing polyether and polyvinyle siloxane imprint materials, and then, the splinted techniques using polyether and polyvinyle siloxane and produced the most accurate casts in comparison with the reference model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our goal in conducting this study was to see how well-informed patients are about dental implants as a method of prosthodontic rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: "In this cross-sectional study, 500 new dental students were asked questions using a pre-made, self-administered questionnaire. A pilot study was carried out to verify the reliability of the survey instrument. Analysis of the data was performed in SPSS 16 (SPSS). We used the P 0.05 thresholds for the Student's T-test and the ANOVA to determine statistical significance." Results: In all, there were 500 people involved: 320 men and 180 women. The media and dentists were the two most common places to learn about implants, and as patients received more information, they became more informed consumers. Many people put off getting therapy because of how expensive it is. Conclusion: Only a small percentage of individuals had implants, and more than half knew nothing about them. This finding also highlighted the need of educating patients more thoroughly on this therapy option. As a result, the public has to be educated about oral health and implants in order to adopt a more favorable perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: These results are from research conducted on a sample of healthy school-aged children (ages 6-12) to determine whether or not there is a correlation between BMI, dental caries, and food. Method: About 500 kids are a part of the study. A stature meter was used to get the tallest possible measurement, and a small electronic scale was used to get the smallest possible weight. Body mass index was determined using the standard CDC growth charts (2000). The presence of caries was evaluated using an intraoral examination guided by WHO (1997) standards. For three days in a row, including the weekend, participants recorded what they ate and drank. Result: It was discovered that there is a huge gap in the body mass index (BMI) categories between sexes, with the vast majority of persons falling into the average weight category. The deft and DMFT caries scores of young men and women did not significantly differ across any of the BMI-for-age categories (P > 0.05). Consumption of supplements on a daily basis did not vary significantly between the BMI-for-age categories (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric dentists should play an active role in reducing this worldwide epidemic since pediatric obesity and dental caries have comparable causes and necessitate an all-encompassing, coordinated care strategy from interdisciplinary medical teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aimed to compare and evaluate debris and irrigant extrusion from curved root canals using different rotary systems. Materials and Methods: 30 single-rooted mandibular canines were used in this study. The crown was decoronated, working length and initial apical diameter were established. A 1.5% agar gel model was used in this study. Samples were assigned randomly into 3 groups (n = 10 teeth per group). Protaper Next, OneShape, and Hanudent files were used according to the manufacturers' instructions for canal instrumentation. Apically extruded debris and irrigant was were computed by deducting the initial weight of the test apparatus without a tooth from its weight after the biomechanical preparation. Comparative analysis of the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant for each of the instruments and the experimental models was performed. Results: The statistically significant difference was found between the three experimental groups. (P < .05). Among all the groups least extrusion was observed in the Protaper Next group when used in combination with conventional irrigation. Conclusion: All the instruments produced apically extruded debris and irrigant, but the maximum was seen with OneShape among the experimental groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although oral cancer is known to be particularly aggressive and to have a poor prognosis, early detection is often connected with a better outlook. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to evaluate dental students' and interns' understanding of oral cancer prevention strategies and practices, as well as their motivations for engaging in such efforts. Material and Methods: The dental interns and undergraduates in their last years of the dental school participated in a cross-sectional questionnaire study. All eligible participants (N = 300) were asked to fill out a 48-item questionnaire on oral cancer prevention and early detection. The questionnaire was broken down into four parts covering demographic information, knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. Results: The percentage of people who answered the survey was 65% (N = 300). Interns outperformed dentistry school freshmen by a substantial margin (P = 0.05) on tests of both knowledge and attitude. Some people avoid being screened for oral cancer because they feel they do not have the knowledge, skills, self-assurance, or time to do so effectively. Conclusions: The majority of those polled in this research seemed to lack the necessary knowledge and abilities in mouth cancer prevention and early detection, but they had high levels of desire and a positive outlook toward oral cancer preventive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this epidemiological research was to determine how common temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms are. Materials and Methods: Among the outpatient population, a sample of 100 people was chosen at random. A patient survey was presented to each person, and points were allotted based on their responses. Participants were categorized as having no symptoms of TMD, mild TMD, moderate TMD, or severe TMD based on their total score. Results: One hundred adults aged 18 and above were selected from the general public to take part in the research. Temporomandibular disorder was present in no more than 30% of those studied, in the mild range in 50%, in the moderate range in 15%, and in the severe range in 5%. 0.602 was determined to be the dependability of Fonseca's questionnaire. Conclusion: The Fonseca questionnaire is a useful instrument for gauging the extent to which TMD symptoms are present in a given population. The screening questionnaire may be received in a short amount of time and for little money, making it a good option for public health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine patients' periodontal health before, during, and after treatment using a fixed orthodontic device. Methods: Forty normal teenagers with full sets of permanent teeth and a clinical need for fixed orthodontics participated. Individuals were chosen from the Class I population who would benefit from utilizing traditional orthodontic braces and techniques that did not need extractions. Respondents were sent to the periodontist for required checkups after the placement of a fixed orthodontic device at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month intervals, respectively, till the conclusion of orthodontic treatment. Results: After having a fixed orthodontic device put in place, patients had a rise in the average values of the Plaque Index and Sulcus Bleeding Index at each checkup. Keeping an eye on the progression three months, six months, a year, and two years after the initiation of orthodontic treatment reveals a statistically significant difference in the presence of gingival hyperplasia. Conclusion: Patients' periodontal health before, during, and after fixed orthodontic treatment shows the need for close collaboration between the orthodontist and the periodontist [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the root canal, the tenacity of microbial infection in either or both the periradicular area is the utmost communal source of endodontic failure. The majority of the gutta percha is removed using hand and rotational equipment. Aim of Study: To determine gutta percha removal by effectively utilizing three rotary instrumentation devices all through the endodontic retreatment. Objective of Study: To determine amongst the three Nickle-Titanium systems which one is significantly effective in retreatment along with comparison of retreatment efficiency using or avoiding the utilization of solvent. Materials and Methods: On 60 newly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars, every root canal was sealed using gutta percha and AH Plus sealer utilizing lateral compaction. After that, the samplings were separated into three investigational groups, each with 20 specimens. After that, individual groups were separated into ten specimens. After that, the groups were withdrawn with or without solvent. ProTaper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, and R-Endo files were utilized to eradicate the gutta percha after two weeks. The extent of root canal filling material left in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds was recorded utilizing a stereomicroscope and a computer image processing program. The data was statistically examined using analysis of variance. Result: The ProTaper group exhibited a smaller amount of remnant filling material than the supplementary groups in the coronal and middle thirds; however a significant difference amid ProTaper and Mtwo, and Mtwo and R-Endo in the nonsolvent groups (P = 0.05) was concluded. In the nonsolvent group, the Mtwo group showed less leftover filling material. Conclusion: The elimination of root canal filling material was found to be equally effective in all systems. However, not a single experimental group could entirely eradicate gutta percha from the root canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser has been revealed to effectively ablate dental hard tissues, and its utilisation to caries eradication and cavity preparation is envisaged. Nevertheless, only a limited research has been performed on the Er:YAG laser's capacity to treat caries. Aim and Objectives: The efficiency of caries elimination with an Er:YAG laser in vitro was equated to that of traditional mechanical therapy in this study. Methodology: The investigation made use of teeth that had suffered from root caries. The Er:YAG laser was used to treat half of each tooth, while the other half was either removed with a conventional bur or left untouched as a control. Each therapy was evaluated in terms of how long it took to remove cavities, histological examinations of decalcified serial sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and the density of the dentin. Result: A longer treatment time was required for the Er:YAG laser to completely eradicate carious dentin because of its precise irradiation strategy. However, the Er:YAG laser was effective in removing diseased and softening carious dentin with little heat injury to neighbouring intact dentin, much as the bur treatment. It was also shown that the Er:YAG laser treatment had a lower amount of vibration than other methods. The SEM study of the lased dentin surface revealed characteristic micro-irregularities. Conclusion: The Er:YAG laser system appears to be a potential novel technical option for caries therapy, based on our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The trial's goal was to assess the retentiveness of specially formulated implant cement besides comparing it to dental cements that are widely utilized by means of implant systems. Materials and Procedures: Twenty implant analogs were implanted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks and bonded to titanium abutments. Fifty uniform copings were waxed and cast unswervingly onto the abutment. (1) Resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement, (2) purposefully designed implant cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass ionomer cement were the cements used. Following cementation, each sample was pulled out by utilizing a widespread testing machine, and the stresses necessary to confiscate the crowns were recorded. The ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to examine the mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads. Results: Zinc polycarboxylate cement had the peak mean cement failure load, followed by glass ionomer cement. Zinc phosphate cement had the next highest mean cement failure load, followed by resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement. The mean cement failure load for Premier implant cement was the lowest. The difference in mean cement failure loads across the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings do not imply that one type of cement is superior to another, but they do present a ranking directive of cements based on their capacity to maintain the prosthesis and facilitate retrievability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the characteristics of dental practices and hospitals, all dental professionals, including orthodontists, are at an elevated peril of SARS-CoV-2 infection. If adequate safety actions are not taken, cross-contamination risk among dentists, orthodontists, and patients can be extremely high. For orthodontic patients, a high level of cognizance and consideration of the COVID-19 epidemic is required. The goal of this study was to assess adult patients' knowledge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on their continuing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methodology: A cross-sectional in addition to a descriptive survey of 100 adult patients enduring fixed orthodontic treatment was done. All of the candidates were over the age of 18 years and were in lockdown due to the COVID-19 epidemic, with no therapy available. Results: Among the patients, 35% were male and 65% were female; 22.3% were unaware that the COVID-19 virus unfurls speedily in a dental setting; 64.8% were unquestionably keen to disclose their status and undertake pretreatment screening; 71.3% were undeniably prepared to stick to stringent appointment timings for passable sanitization of the clinical area; 70% believed that skipping appointments all through the COVID-19 pandemic would be costly; 70% believed that skipping appointments during the pandemic would prolong the treatment; and 59% thought of financial burden. Conclusion: COVID-19 cross-infection was not known to all adult orthodontic patients. The vast majority were aware of the situation and eager to follow infection-prevention guidelines. COVID-19 had a psychological and financial impact on patients' perceptions of overall orthodontic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment may bring about changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Hence, we aim to assess the impact of the orthodontic tooth movement on the articular disc repositioning of TMJ. Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study among 50 class IIdiv-I subjects. The magnetic resonance images were used to evaluate TMJ during the orthodontic treatments. The phases were T1-start of treatment, T2-thru phase I, T3-at the end of phase I, and T4-at the end of phase II. The qualitative values were compared for the disc changes. Results: No significant changes in the disc position or the regression were seen with open or closed mouth between T1-T3, T3-T4, and T1-T4. Significant variation for the position of the disc was seen in the opened mouth between T3-T4. Significant variation for the form of the disc was seen when closed at T1-T2 and T2-T3. Conclusions: Disc of the TMJ maintained the form and position during the treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inadequate obturation techniques of the root canal system have been found to be the most frequent reason of failure post root canal treatment. An ideal endodontic sealer should fulfill all ideal requisites. The present study aimed to compare apical sealing ability between bioceramic (BC) sealer, GuttaFlow, and AH Plus. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-five curved roots of maxillary and mandibular third molar teeth with fully formed apex were collected for this study. The root canals were cleaned and shaped using a standard single-cone preparation to file at the established working length and divided into five groups of 25 each. Dye leakage was carried out. Group A: with GP, using EndoSequence BC sealer with conventional with 4% gutta-percha (Brasseler USA, Savannah, Georgia, USA); Group B: with ceramic coated with 4% gutta-percha (Brasseler USA, Savannah, Georgia, USA); Group C: with GP, using AH Plus sealer (Dentsply, De-Trey Konstanz, Germany) with 4% gutta-percha; Group D: with GuttaFlow bioseal (Roeko-Coltène/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) with 4% Gutta-percha; and Group E is a negative control group. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and Student's unpaired t-test. Results: The group AH Plus showed more leakage values than the GuttaFlow group and of two groups of BC sealer and negative control. Student's unpaired t-test disclosed no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the groups. Conclusion: None of the sealers used in the study could completely seal the apical foramen to have a fluid-tight seal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study was conducted to compare various methods of disinfection of impression materials such as glutaraldehyde, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and autoclave. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on eighty alginate impression materials which were disinfectant with 2.2% glutaraldehyde, UV radiation, and autoclave. The pre- and postbacterial count was assessed. Results: The mean premicrobial contamination in Group I was 362.2 106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml, in Group II was 306.4 106 CFU/ml, and in Group III was 336.2 106 CFU/ml. The mean postmicrobial contamination in Group I was 65.2 106 CFU/ml, in Group II was 76.7 106 CFU/ml, and in Group III was 28.4 106 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The authors found that autoclave proved to be better in terms of reduction in bacterial colonies as compared to glutaraldehyde and UV radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inadequate obturation techniques of the root canal system have been found to be the most frequent reason of failure post root canal treatment. An ideal endodontic sealer should fulfill all ideal requisites. The present study aimed to compare apical sealing ability between bioceramic (BC) sealer, GuttaFlow, and AH Plus. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-five curved roots of maxillary and mandibular third molar teeth with fully formed apex were collected for this study. The root canals were cleaned and shaped using a standard single-cone preparation to file at the established working length and divided into five groups of 25 each. Dye leakage was carried out. Group A: with GP, using EndoSequence BC sealer with conventional with 4% gutta-percha (Brasseler USA, Savannah, Georgia, USA); Group B: with ceramic coated with 4% gutta-percha (Brasseler USA, Savannah, Georgia, USA); Group C: with GP, using AH Plus sealer (Dentsply, De-Trey Konstanz, Germany) with 4% gutta-percha; Group D: with GuttaFlow bioseal (Roeko-Coltène/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) with 4% Gutta-percha; and Group E is a negative control group. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and Student's unpaired t-test. Results: The group AH Plus showed more leakage values than the GuttaFlow group and of two groups of BC sealer and negative control. Student's unpaired t-test disclosed no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the groups. Conclusion: None of the sealers used in the study could completely seal the apical foramen to have a fluid-tight seal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study was conducted to compare various methods of disinfection of impression materials such as glutaraldehyde, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and autoclave. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on eighty alginate impression materials which were disinfectant with 2.2% glutaraldehyde, UV radiation, and autoclave. The pre- and postbacterial count was assessed. Results: The mean premicrobial contamination in Group I was 362.2 106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml, in Group II was 306.4 106 CFU/ml, and in Group III was 336.2 106 CFU/ml. The mean postmicrobial contamination in Group I was 65.2 106 CFU/ml, in Group II was 76.7 106 CFU/ml, and in Group III was 28.4 106 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The authors found that autoclave proved to be better in terms of reduction in bacterial colonies as compared to glutaraldehyde and UV radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fiber posts are broadly used due to their good esthetics and elasticity close to that of dentin, which allows for uniform stress distribution within a root and lowers the possibility of nonrestorable root fractures. Aim and Objectives: The study assessed the layer of cement thickness and interfacial nanoleakage of luted fiber posts which were fabricated with CAD/CAM technology following direct scanning of the post space (DS) method, scanning of a polyether impression of the post space (IS), and scanning of a plaster model of the post space (MS). Methodology: Ninety premolars were chosen randomly and were assigned to three groups according to the scanning technique. Posts were computer designed and milled from experimental fiber-reinforced composite blocks. Results: The mean and standard deviation values of cement thickness, respectively, were: DS 172 ± 39 = m; IS 199 ± 55 = m, and MS MPa 272 ± 81 = m. The fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance compared to posts fabricated upon IS and MS, in terms of the post retention. The cement thickness did not differ between DS and IS, whereas in MS group, the cement layer was significantly thicker than in the remaining two groups. The scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage. Conclusion: Fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance. Furthermore, scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acrylic resin has been successfully used for complete denture fabrication for many years. Color stability is very crucial clinical properties for dental materials, and color change may be an indicator of aging or damaging of materials. Aim and Objectives: This study has been designed to determine the color stability of heat cure denture base acrylic resins in commonly consumed solutions causing stains. Methodology: Four hundred disc samples of four commercially used heat cure denture base resins (Trevalon®, DPI®, Veracril®, and Pyrax®) were fabricated (100 in each group). These were checked for any change in optical density by immersing them in four different staining solutions (tea, coffee, turmeric, and betel leaf, i.e., paan) and synthetic saliva for 1-month synthetic saliva was taken as control. The denture cleansers were also evaluated for their efficacy determined by their ability to remove the stains caused by the staining solutions. Results: It was observed that Trevalon® showed least change in optical density and coffee illustrated the maximum potential for staining the denture base resins and is the most difficult to be removed using a denture cleanser. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Trevalon® demonstrated maximum color stability. Among the staining solutions, coffee caused maximum stains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fiber posts are broadly used due to their good esthetics and elasticity close to that of dentin, which allows for uniform stress distribution within a root and lowers the possibility of nonrestorable root fractures. Aim and Objectives: The study assessed the layer of cement thickness and interfacial nanoleakage of luted fiber posts which were fabricated with CAD/CAM technology following direct scanning of the post space (DS) method, scanning of a polyether impression of the post space (IS), and scanning of a plaster model of the post space (MS). Methodology: Ninety premolars were chosen randomly and were assigned to three groups according to the scanning technique. Posts were computer designed and milled from experimental fiber-reinforced composite blocks. Results: The mean and standard deviation values of cement thickness, respectively, were: DS 172 ± 39 = m; IS 199 ± 55 = m, and MS MPa 272 ± 81 = m. The fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance compared to posts fabricated upon IS and MS, in terms of the post retention. The cement thickness did not differ between DS and IS, whereas in MS group, the cement layer was significantly thicker than in the remaining two groups. The scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage. Conclusion: Fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance. Furthermore, scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acrylic resin has been successfully used for complete denture fabrication for many years. Color stability is very crucial clinical properties for dental materials, and color change may be an indicator of aging or damaging of materials. Aim and Objectives: This study has been designed to determine the color stability of heat cure denture base acrylic resins in commonly consumed solutions causing stains. Methodology: Four hundred disc samples of four commercially used heat cure denture base resins (Trevalon®, DPI®, Veracril®, and Pyrax®) were fabricated (100 in each group). These were checked for any change in optical density by immersing them in four different staining solutions (tea, coffee, turmeric, and betel leaf, i.e., paan) and synthetic saliva for 1-month synthetic saliva was taken as control. The denture cleansers were also evaluated for their efficacy determined by their ability to remove the stains caused by the staining solutions. Results: It was observed that Trevalon® showed least change in optical density and coffee illustrated the maximum potential for staining the denture base resins and is the most difficult to be removed using a denture cleanser. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Trevalon® demonstrated maximum color stability. Among the staining solutions, coffee caused maximum stains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a chitosan-based scaffold and carry out a complete comprehensive study encompassing optimization of exact chitosan strength, product characterization, toxicity evaluation, in vitro validation in cell culture experiments, and finally in vivo efficacy in animal excision wound model. Materials and Methods: Developed chitosan scaffolds (CSs) were optimized for tissue engineering and wound healing efficacy by means of microstructure, toxicity, and biocompatibility evaluation. Results: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies revealed that porosity of CS decreased with increase in chitosan concentration. Chemical stability and integrity of scaffolds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared studies. Highest swelling percentage (SP) of 500% was observed in 2%, while lowest (200%) was observed in 1% CS. Reabsorption and noncytotoxic property of optimized scaffold were established by enzymatic degradation and MTT assay. Enzymatic degradation suggested 20-45% of weight loss (WL) within 14 days of incubation. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that scaffolds were noncytotoxic against normal human dermal fibroblast human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Significant cellular adherence over the scaffold surface with normal cellular morphology was confirmed using SEM analysis. In vivo efficacy evaluation was carried out by means of reduction in wound size on Sprague-Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley rats treated with optimized scaffold showed ~ 100% wound healing in comparison to ~80% healing in betadine-treated animals within 14 days. Histological examination depicted advance re-epithelization with better organization of collagen bundle in wound area treated with 2% CS in comparison to conventional treatment or no treatment. Conclusion: This study, thus, reveals that 2% CSs were found to have a great potential in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]