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Cancer is a highly prevalent noncommunicable disease with low levels of awareness among the general public, as reported in numerous studies worldwide. Given the daunting nature of cancer, poor knowledge and awareness levels of this disease with regard to its warning signs, risk factors, and the importance of cancer screening among the public may lead to unfavorable health-related outcomes, such as delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, there is potential to tackle this issue with properly designed health educational interventions. Quasi-experimental studies can be implemented to raise awareness in this subject matter via a myriad of traditional and digitalized educational intervention methods. Relevant studies identified across electronic databases were categorized based on the various educational interventions employed in promoting cancer knowledge and awareness. The effectiveness of these interventional approaches was assessed based on the pre-test and post-test scores, which captured the changes in knowledge and awareness levels before and after the educational intervention. Varying outcomes were observed across the diverse methods in individuals of different age groups. Nevertheless, evidence-based cancer educational interventions often yield multifaceted positive outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the various approaches of educational interventions utilized to positively alter the knowledge and awareness on cancer among the general public.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, and caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), As the virus took hold in the world, health experts paced efforts to solve the unknown nature of this threat. Methodology: We studied the clinical characteristics, laboratory biomarkers of healthcare workers in the single center, analytical cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care hospital of the UAE. Sample size of 600 HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay using Seegene Allplex and Andis FAST SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR detection kits for a period of 6 months. Findings: All the health care workers (HCWs) were vaccinated for the SARS-CoV-2. Out of these, 240 HCWs were reported to be positive. rRT-PCR with a Ct value of 38. The laboratory investigations of the positive cases were collected and analysed further. A comparison of the laboratory tests was made between (I) COVID severe (Ct < 25) and nonsevere (Ct > 25) groups and (II) frontline workers and non-frontline workers. Besides finding short-term and sudden relief, investigators directed their efforts to provide a long-term solution for an ensuing pandemic that influenced all areas of life in unprecedented ways. Conclusion: Awareness among healthcare workers and further long-term studies focusing on their mental health the overall wellness and especially the psychological burden on doctors have received heightened awareness in media and research publications. This information can assist in developing surveillance and infection and control policies and preparedness for future COVID epidemics in similar scenarios in the future.

Introduction: The future of our healthcare services highly depends on the current generation of health science students since they are the ones who will work in the healthcare setting. Ensuring their mental well-being is an utmost priority so that they can offer top-tier quality care and services to people in need. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of mental well-being and mental help-seeking attitude among undergraduate sciences students and the impact of socioeconomic status toward both variables. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (N = 364) from six sciences schools at International Islamic University Malaysia via an online survey, which contained three main parts; socioeconomic status, mental well-being assessment using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), and assessment of mental help-seeking attitude using the General Mental Help-Seeking Attitude Scale (MHSAS). Data were analysed using SPSS, version 29.0. Results: Only 7.1% of the students have positive mental well-being, while 44.8% scored positive mental help-seeking attitude. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in students’ mental well-being and any of SES components. There was a significant association between students’ year of study and mental help-seeking attitude (P = 0.029), in addition, WEMWBS and MHSAS scores showed a positive correlation (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Future studies are essential to find out the contributing factors, prevention, and intervention that can be done to help the student in need.

Background: Induction of labor (IOL) initiates labor artificially, aiming to prevent potential risks for both mother and fetus. However, data on IOL outcomes for parous women in the developing countries are scarce. Objectives: This study evaluates maternal and neonatal outcomes in parous women undergoing IOL at a Sudanese hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study included 75 parous women undergoing IOL at Haj-Alsafi Teaching Hospital. Demographic data, reasons for IOL, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26, with P values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Of 600 women, 75 (12.5%) underwent IOL over 6 months. Main indications were hypertensive disorders (21.3%) and postterm pregnancy (17.3%). Successful vaginal delivery (88%) predominated, with 12% requiring instrumental delivery. Maternal complications included postpartum hemorrhage (8%) and ruptured uterus (1.3%), while 69.7% had no complications. The neonatal survival rate was 91%, with 30.7% admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for further care. Among the NICU admissions, the mortality rate was 17.4%, all were preterm neonates. Conclusion: IOL is associated with successful VD in 88% and low rate of complications among the parous women; however, greater efforts are needed to prevent serious outcomes among the neonates.

Background: The effectiveness of reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) depends on increasing healthcare providers’ awareness, skills, and adherence to standard practices. Mhealth applications provide an innovative approach to enhancing access to information and resources while reducing time and expenses. Objective: The study aimed to develop and evaluate a mhealth application for healthcare providers that offers quick access to updated recommendations, evidence-based guidelines, and protocols for managing patients with HCAIs. Method: The study included the development of the app, followed by a pilot test of its usability among physicians and nursing staff by using the Mobile Application Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). Results: The mhealth application, named HCAI Shield, was developed with four main menus. The menu includes HCAI’s care bundle: hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and standard precautions. The information has been gathered following standards established by both national and international organizations. Twenty-one participants took part in the evaluation, and the mean score for the application’s usability was 5.28 ± 0.38. The areas of “ease of use,” “interface and satisfaction” received high mean scores. Conculsion: The HCAI Shield app provides convenient access to evidence-based guidelines and standards for HCAI management. Further evaluation is recommended.

Tooth wear refers to the gradual loss of tooth structure over time, and it is a multifactorial condition where three main factors of tooth wear, attrition, abrasion, and erosion, contribute to its progression.The present review aims to discuss those challenges and to draw a summary of how they can be managed. Prosthodontic management of tooth wear cases presents several challenges that require careful assessment and comprehensive treatment planning. In managing tooth wear cases, the treatment will involve a combination of preventive, restorative, and prosthetic interventions. Prosthodontists play a key role in designing restorations that help prevent further tooth wear. This may involve strategies to reduce parafunctional habits and protect the restored teeth. Successful management of prosthodontic challenges in tooth wear cases requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a patient-centered approach.

Dental implant restoration is a popular therapy for replacing lost teeth and regaining human masticatory function. However, studies have shown prosthetic problems like implant fracture, screw loosening, and screw fracture. Abutment screw loosening is the second most common reason for implant-supported restoration failure after loss of osseointegration, especially in single implant restorations. This literature review aims to synthesize data on screw loosening reasons and salvage methods.

The incidence rate of periodontal diseases is high, which affects the quality of life of patients, and is one of the main causes of adult dentition defects. Periodontal diseases cause the periodontal intraosseous defect. If not treated in time, it can lead to alveolar bone resorption and defect, periodontal attachment loss, teeth loosening, and complete tooth loss. Bone grafting is to repair periodontal defects by transplanting materials to restore the anatomical morphology of the alveolar bone and the function of periodontal tissue. This study evaluated the osteogenic activity of 3 phytochemicals - β-sitosterol, Genistein, and Emodin when compared to hydroxyapatite alone and tested the in vitro osteogenic activity of the prepared graft materials. The procedure for adhesion, viability, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity was reported. The addition of phytochemicals to hydroxyapatite enhances its bioactivity. This is based on adhesion, viability, proliferation, and ALP activity assessed on the seventh and ninth days respectively in the prepared samples of the phytochemical. Based on the successful results of this study an efficient and cost-effective osteogenic bone graft with effective clinical application can be proposed. The phytochemicals β-Sitosterol, Genistein, and Emodin can be mixed in the optimum quantities to the hydroxyapatite grafts to be used as periodontal regenerative materials. In addition, such optimized concentrations can be further studied for their application to other alloplastic resorbable materials to be used for the grafting of larger defects.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most common sexually transmitted infection globally, exerting a substantial impact on sexual and reproductive health, with a high oncogenic potential leading to various malignancies. The prevalence of HPV in Saudi Arabia ranges from 9% to 43%, with types 16, 18, and 45 being the most common high-risk strains. Despite the availability of effective vaccines such as Gardasil 9, Gardasil, and Cervarix, proper awareness and vaccination rates remain low in Saudi Arabia. Only 4% of the population has received the HPV vaccine. The Saudi Ministry of Health has integrated HPV vaccines into the national immunization schedule, offering them free of charge and ensuring their availability for adolescent girls and women. However, challenges persist, including cultural and religious beliefs, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and insufficient public awareness. To effectively increase HPV vaccination coverage, it is crucial to implement comprehensive public education campaigns, actively involve healthcare professionals, and address cultural and religious concerns with sensitivity and respect. International collaboration, such as initiatives by the Gavi alliance and sustained research efforts, is critical to optimizing HPV vaccine efficacy, accessibility, and uptake. Through coordinated efforts, the global burden of HPV-related diseases can be significantly reduced, ultimately leading to improved public health outcomes.

Artemisia annua L., also referred to as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort, and annual wormwood (Chinese: qngho), is a species of wormwood native to temperate Asia but naturalised worldwide. It is a member of the Asteraceae family. At the moment, Artemisia annua is the sources of artemisinin and semisynthetic artemisinin derivatives (including dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, artemether, and arteether) used in the development of malaria combination treatments (ACTs = Artemisinin-based combination therapy). Animal experiments have shown that similar chemicals can prevent tumor development and metastasis. Furthermore, there is no conclusive proof from human trials that the benefits seen in animal research extend to cancer patients. Experiences with malaria treatment indicate that artemisinin-based medicines are generally well-tolerated. This study highlights A. annua’s traditional use and contemporary pharmacological research, bringing unique insights into the usage of A. annua in the treating a wide range of ailments.

Latex allergy affects up to 6% of the general population and healthcare workers more frequently. 30-50% of individuals with natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy show hypersensitivity to plant-derived foods, particularly freshly consumed fruits. This association is called latex-fruit syndrome. A systematic review of 15 articles found a clear relationship between Chitinase and Periodontitis and Chitinase and Latex Fruit Syndrome. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the relationship between Latex Fruit Syndrome and Periodontitis, and further evidence-based research is needed.

Deubiquitinases are involved in removing ubiquitin (UBQ) from ubiquitylated substrates to regulate their activity and stability. They are involved in various cellular functions including proteasome- and lysosome-dependent proteolysis, gene expression, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, kinase activation, histone modification, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, spermatogenesis, apoptosis, endocytosis, autophagy, localization, and DNA damage repair. On the other hand, it is also involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and cancer development. DUBs are related to different aspects of human cancer, including proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA damage response (DDR), tumor suppression, oncogenesis, and metastasis. Multiple processes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, such as antigen presentation, cell differentiation, immune defense, and inflammatory responses, are regulated by ubiquitination/deubiquitination. Dysregulation of DUBs is implicated in several human diseases, highlighting the importance of DUB function. This review also provides basic knowledge of DUBs in the development of cancers and highlights the importance of DUBs in T-cell development, apoptosis, and cancer with a specific emphasis on oral cancers. This review highlights the recent advances in the field of cancer biology with a specific role in DUBs in cellular functions. The aberrant expression and regulation of these enzymes have been shown to contribute to promote tumorigenesis, making them promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.

This narrative review explores the relationship between allergic diseases and sleep disorders in children, highlighting the significant impact allergies have on pediatric sleep quality. Allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis are prevalent in children and are known to contribute to sleep disturbances. These disorders can lead to issues such as sleep fragmentation, obstructive sleep apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness, which negatively affect cognitive function, behavior, and overall well-being. Studies from Saudi Arabia and other regions indicate a clear association between allergies and impaired sleep, with factors such as nasal congestion, wheezing, and itching playing key roles in disrupting sleep patterns. Treatment options, including pharmacological therapies, immunotherapy, and allergen avoidance strategies, aim to alleviate symptoms and improve sleep outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms behind this relationship and to develop more effective management strategies for children suffering from both allergic diseases and sleep disorders.

Artificial intelligence will be revolutionizing the healthcare in near future and is already being integrated in several areas. The utilization of artificial intelligence algorithms to extract quantitative information from full-slide histopathology images has been demonstrated in digital pathology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to reduce the workload of pathologists, enhance the impartiality and uniformity of pathology reports, and impact treatment choices through the identification of concealed information within easily accessible data. This review sheds light on how deep learning and machine learning can enhance the imaging of the slides in digital pathology and help physicians make the diagnosis faster.

Oral cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with high mortality rates largely due to late-stage diagnosis. Prevention strategies are crucial for reducing the incidence and improving outcomes. Key preventive measures include public education on risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Promoting regular dental checkups and early detection through screening programs can significantly reduce the risk of advanced disease. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and the reduction of sun exposure to the lips, are essential preventive strategies. Public health policies focusing on reducing tobacco and alcohol use, along with HPV vaccination programs, further bolster efforts to prevent oral cancer. Future research should focus on the development of noninvasive screening tools and the identification of genetic markers for high-risk populations.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Although it was first conceptualized in the 1950s, it has developed rapidly in recent times. AI can undertake complex predictions and make decisions due to its ability to mimic human intelligence. Its popularity has grown exponentially in the health sector including dentistry. It is useful in all dental disciplines, including endodontics, oral medicine and radiology, periodontics, prosthodontics, oral pathology, and forensic odontology. This review describes the history, types, and uses of AI across different disciplines. This will help dental professionals to understand the utility of AI and improve their efficiency toward better patient care.

Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity. Yajna means selfless sacrifices performed along with sacred sounds, the mantras. The procedure includes offering selected herbal and sacred materials to the fire to obtain an array of benefits such as air purification and release of therapeutic compounds (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antidepression, and anticonvulsant) in the form of aerosol that enriches the atmosphere and soil. Microbial intrusions into the human system such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have proved their ability to hack the elements such as air, water, and earth to coerce humans’ physical and mental status. Panic during COVID (coronavirus disease) pandemic did not decline despite advanced therapeutic approaches. Vaccinating the human and animals of the entire globe within a specific time may not be a practically viable approach; adopting an alternative strategy that holistically represses the viral outbreak at various levels will support the medical and government authorities. Pandemic-combatted ancestors developed traditional remedies with secret medicinal portions prescribed to perform as rituals. One of those rituals is Yajna. Yajna procedure controls microbial load at both the environmental and zoonotic levels. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the advantages of scientifically establishing a correlation between Yajna and its potential contribution to prevent pandemics like COVID. An online search explored the phytotherapeutics of Yajna and correlated with the noninvasive drug delivery.

Oral cancer remains a significant public health concern globally, with smoking identified as a primary risk factor. This abstract reviews the role of smoking in the etiology of oral cancer, emphasizing its contribution to carcinogenesis through the induction of genetic mutations, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogenic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, and heavy metals, which are implicated in the transformation of oral mucosal cells. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate a dose–response relationship between smoking intensity and oral cancer risk. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, smoking cessation remains a critical component in reducing oral cancer incidence. This review underscores the importance of public health initiatives and targeted interventions aimed at mitigating smoking-related oral cancer risk.

Oral cancer remains a significant public health concern globally, with smoking being a primary risk factor. Smoking cessation has been identified as a crucial intervention in reducing the incidence of oral cancer. This abstract reviews the impact of smoking cessation on oral cancer prevention, emphasizing the benefits of quitting smoking in decreasing the risk of developing oral malignancies. Evidence suggests that smoking cessation not only reduces the immediate risk of oral cancer but also contributes to long-term health improvements. The mechanisms through which smoking cessation exerts its protective effects, including the reduction of carcinogenic exposure and enhancement of oral mucosal health, are discussed. Public health strategies and interventions aimed at promoting smoking cessation are also highlighted as essential components in oral cancer prevention efforts.

Background: Preeclampsia, a condition causing new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, is a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is complex, involving an interplay of vascular inflammation and angiogenic imbalance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to elucidate the role of key vascular inflammatory candidate genes—VEGF, TNF-α, IL-10, and LPL—in the onset of preeclampsia. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, identifying case-control and cohort studies that examined the association between these genetic variants and preeclampsia. Results: Our meta-analysis reveals significant associations between preeclampsia and polymorphisms in the VEGF, TNF-α, IL-10, and LPL genes, with pooled odds ratios indicating increased risk for the VEGF -2578C>A, VEGF -1154G>A, TNF-α -308G>A, IL-10 -819C>T, and LPL Ser447Ter variants. Conclusion: These findings suggest that genetic predispositions in vascular inflammatory pathways may contribute to the development of preeclampsia, offering potential targets for early detection and therapeutic intervention. Further research is warranted to explore the molecular mechanisms by which these genetic variants influence the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and to develop targeted prevention strategies.

Pain is a major symptom in dental visits, especially postendodontic procedures. Prevention and treatment are crucial, requiring clinicians to integrate various pain management strategies to promote physical healing, emotional, and psychological well-being, emphasizing the importance of holistic pain management. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize the importance of holistic pain management strategies after endodontics. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on various databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar, focusing on the holistic approach to endodontic pain management and postendodontic pain management, following the PRISMA 2020 Statement protocols. Although numerous review publications on endodontic pain management have emerged, only three of them have delved into both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to treating endodontic pain. These studies illustrated the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in lowering the incidence of adverse events and endodontic postoperative pain. Only one study illustrated the effectiveness of behavioral therapies in treating individuals with dental anxiety and phobia. Holistic pain management strategies postendodontic procedures promote physical recovery, emotional wellness, trust, and treatment outcomes, enhancing patient experience and fostering trust in dental settings.

Tongue print identification has emerged as a promising biometric modality due to the distinctiveness and stability of tongue features. This article provides an in-depth exploration of tongue prints as a viable means of personal identification, emphasizing its anatomical uniqueness and biometric advantages. By examining the anatomy of the tongue, the methodologies for tongue print acquisition, and the technological advancements in tongue print recognition systems, this article highlights the potential applications and contemporary challenges of tongue print biometrics in healthcare, security, and forensic science. It further discusses the accuracy, advantages, limitations, and future directions for the adoption of tongue print technology. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on tongue prints as a significant biometric tool.

Background: Gingerol is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat various cancers. The current review aims to explore the modulatory effects of gingerol on cancer cell growth through the activation and suppression of key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression. Methods: A literature search was conducted on the databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Embase. The inclusion criteria for the study were randomized control trials conducted during 2011–2023. Seven articles were selected for inclusion in the systematic review. Results: There was clinically significant evidence due to intervention in changes of nausea-related quality of life (QoL), overall chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting-related QoL, delayed nausea severity, fatigue, low incidence of malnutrition, and a high compliance rate. The findings of the study suggest that 6-gingerol hinders cell viability and induces cell death in prostate cancer cells, which is dependent on time and dose. 6-Gingerol could be developed as a complementary therapy to cisplatin in the management of ovarian cancer, offering a strategy to enhance therapeutic outcomes and minimize toxicity. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the potential of ginger in malignancy treatment due to its ability to activate and suppress various signaling pathways. The review underscores the need for further in-depth studies and more clinical trials in humans to better understand the precise mechanisms and to validate the efficacy of ginger.

Background and Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic oral potentially malignant disorder affecting the oral mucosa. The habit of areca nut chewing is established to be the causative factor. Various treatment modalities are available for managing OSMF. Colchicine obtained from plants of the Colchicum genus can downregulate collagen synthesis and upregulate collagenolytic activity, thereby establishing its antifibrotic property. Hence, the objective of the current study is to assess the efficacy of colchicine in the treatment of OSMF. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Ovid, and Google Scholar, and the clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of oral colchicine for the treatment of OSMF were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE were utilized for assessing the quality. Results: Three clinical trials (one randomized and two non-randomized trials) comprising 110 OSMF patients followed the eligibility criteria. The follow-up time for the patients was between 3 and 6 months. Mouth opening and burning sensation were the primary outcomes of interest. The risk of bias was found to be high in the studies included. GRADE quality assessment showed moderate quality for one study and two studies to be of low-quality evidence. Conclusion: This review suggests that oral colchicine is efficacious in the management of OSMF and more distinctly in improving mouth opening. Considering the significant side effects from conventional treatment for OSMF, colchicine can be an effective modality in improving burning sensation and mouth opening in patients with OSMF.

Background: : Heart failure (HF) is a multifaceted syndrome influenced by genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and comorbid factors. Understanding these diverse aspects is crucial for effective management and treatment. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the multifactorial aspects of HF, providing insights for comprehensive care strategies. Methods: This review involved a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, focusing on studies published up to January 2024. It included research examining the role of genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and comorbid conditions in HF. Studies were evaluated for quality by using standardized assessment tools, and a meta-analysis was conducted where applicable. Results: The review included 30 studies, covering diverse research designs and sample sizes. Key findings included the identification of genetic loci associated with HF, the impact of hypertension and lifestyle factors on HF progression, and the interplay of comorbid conditions such as diabetes in HF management. The studies collectively emphasized the complexity of HF, highlighting its multifactorial nature. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review underscore the multifaceted nature of HF and the need for a comprehensive approach in its management. It points toward the importance of personalized medicine in HF, considering the interplay of various factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies with diverse populations to further understand the mechanisms underlying HF and develop targeted interventions.

Context: Alveolar bone resorption poses a significant challenge in rehabilitating edentulous patients. Ridge augmentation materials can stimulate bone growth in deficient areas. Aim: To evaluate the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of maxibloc bone grafts in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Maxibloc was packed into bony voids created surgically in the mandible and femur of rabbits, which were sacrificed at the fourth, eighth, and twelfth weeks. Radiography and histopathology evaluations assessed the osteoconductivity; hematology and toxicology evaluations assessed the biocompatibility of maxibloc. Results: Radiography revealed bone formation and homogenization without osteolysis. Histopathology revealed new bone formation with osteoblasts, fibrous and collagen tissue, cartilage formation, and no foreign body reaction or inflammation. Hematology revealed stable hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, eosinophil count, and absence of leucocytosis. Toxicology revealed elevated mortality rates at higher doses, whereas lower doses were safe. Animals exhibited no signs of systemic toxicity or behavioral changes. Conclusions: Maxibloc has demonstrated biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, presenting as a promising alloplastic bone graft.

Introduction: Premalignant lesions and conditions are comparably frequent, arising in less than 3% of the general public and a possible objective for cancer prevention. In a workshop conducted by WHO in 2005, the topic of discussion was “Oral lesion with a predisposition to malignant transformation”; thus, they proposed the term “Potentially Malignant Disorders [OPMDs]”. Therefore, patients evaluated with OPMDs may have an inclined vulnerability to develop lesion anywhere in their mouth during their lifetime. There are various treatment modalities in treating OPMDs, among which the looming and imminent treatment modality is “Laser therapy” using “Low level laser therapy [LLLT] and Ozone therapy”. Aims and Objectives: Evaluating the efficaciousness of LLLT and ozone therapy in treating OPMDs. Methodology This systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Systematic search of the literature was done with specific MESH keywords. Results: Based on the preformatted criteria, 12 articles were scrutinized and critically analyzed in the PICO format. Therefore, LLLT and ozone therapy have proven to be beneficial in treating premalignant lesions. Conclusion: Various treatment modalities exist in treating OPMDs; one of the less ventured and yet promising modalities is laser irradiation using LLLT and ozone therapy.

Background: The Benson Relaxation Technique, a mind-body approach, has been proposed as an effective intervention for prime-postnatal mothers to alleviate stress, anxiety, and depression. Objective: The study aims to comprehensively analyze and synthesize the existing literature on the influence of the Benson Relaxation Technique on psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression among primi-postnatal mothers. Methods: A literature search spanning 2013-2024 analyzed studies on Benson Relaxation Technique’s impact on psychological parameters in primi-postnatal mothers, assessing changes in these parameters through validated scales. Results: The Benson Relaxation Technique significantly reduced stress, anxiety, and depression in primi-postnatal mothers, with some studies showing moderate to large effects. Conclusion: The Benson Relaxation Technique, a potentially effective intervention for reducing stress and anxiety in postnatal mothers, warrants further research for its long-term effects and mechanisms.

Background: Neonates with a history of perinatal hypoxia often require meticulous neuroimaging to detect brain injuries promptly. This study investigates the utility of 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing neonates with perinatal hypoxia and compares it with the conventional 128-slice NCCT imaging modality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, encompassing 67 cases over 1 year from October 2022 to October 2023. We assessed the performance of 3T MRI using the Achieva 3T TX MRI scanner (Philips, The Netherlands) and compared it to the 128-slice GE 660 Optima CT scan. Results: We found that 3T MRI demonstrated remarkable sensitivity in detecting brain injuries in this population. Notably, it excelled in identifying subtle lesions, with white matter changes observed in 76.1% of cases, corpus callosum thinning in 64.2%, restriction of diffusion on DWI in 28.4%, signal loss on GRE in 14.9%, and cerebral venous thrombosis in 9% of the study participants. Conclusion: The integration of 3T MRI into neonatal neuroimaging protocols is crucial. It offers enhanced diagnostic accuracy and safety, supporting its inclusion as a fundamental component in neonatal care.

Introduction: Measuring gingival thickness (GT) is crucial in periodontal and implant dentistry as it impacts clinical decisions and outcomes. Materials and methods: Several methods are employed to assess GT, including conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), transgingival probing, and ultrasonography. Each technique has distinct advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, invasiveness, and practical application. Results: This study has established that transgingival probing is the gold standard technique for measuring GT.

Introduction: To assess if povidone-iodine is a more effective mouthwash than other mouthwashes in treating COVID-19. Materials and methods: The review was completed in compliance with PRISMA principles and entered into PROSPERO. Databases on electronic devices were examined. Using RevMan software version 5.3, the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) -2 tool was employed for quality evaluation. Results: When compared to other mouthwashes, povidone-iodine was shown to reduce the COVID-19 viral load on average by 0.11 (-0.67–0.44) times, however, this difference is not statistically significant. Conclusion: Povidone-iodine was found to have a substantial impact on lowering the COVID-19 viral load in COVID-19 patients when compared to the control group. Povidone-iodine appears to be safer for long-term use, although both mouthwashes were equally effective.

Background: Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, has been increasingly associated with systemic health issues, particularly cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the role of genetic mutations in periodontitis patients with cardiovascular diseases and allied ailments. Methodology: Conducted a comprehensive search across databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies on the association between genetic mutations, periodontal disease severity, and cardiovascular outcomes. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, primarily comprising observational studies with varying levels of risk of bias. Results: Our analysis revealed that specific genetic mutations, such as those in TLR 2, TLR 4, NF-kB, and IL-4 genes, significantly increase the risk of periodontitis and exacerbate cardiovascular conditions like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. These findings underscore the importance of integrating genetic screening into the management of periodontal and cardiovascular diseases. The results also emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and medical professionals to develop personalized treatment strategies. Conclusion: In conclusion, genetic mutations play a pivotal role in the susceptibility and severity of periodontitis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these genetic factors could lead to improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, addressing the dual burden of periodontal disease and cardiovascular ailments. Future research should focus on large-scale, longitudinal studies to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for these interconnected health issues.

Objective: Most methods for retrieving fractured instruments have consequences that may affect treatment outcomes. A better outcome can be achieved with electrochemical dissolution without mechanical injury. Materials and Methods: Several electrochemical dissolution solutions are being used including artificial saliva, Tyrode’s solution, and sodium fluoride (NaF). These electrolytes were prepared and their respective electrochemical characterization was done before conducting the assay. The present in vitro study compares the possible cytotoxic effect and viability of periodontal ligament cells in artificial saliva, Tyrode’s solution, and NaF using an MTT assay. Results: The comparative analyses of the cell viability and toxicity effects of the electrolytes considered are reported. It was observed that the Artificial saliva (before dissolution: 84.10±11.32; after dissolution: 69.1±11.32) and Tyrode’s solution (before dissolution: 77.30±4.11; after dissolution: 61.3±4.11) showed higher cell viability percentages and comparatively reduced toxicity levels before and after dissolution compared to NaF (before dissolution: 36.01±5.27; after dissolution: 11.01±5.27). Statistical analysis of the results observed before and after dissolution provided a significant difference (P

Background: This review aimed to evaluate the impact of e-cigarette usage on oral health, given the rising popularity of e-cigarettes and their perceived lower risk compared to traditional smoking. Materials and Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases for studies from January 2014 to December 2023. Eligibility was based on the PICOS criteria. Data extraction was performed by two independent investigators. Studies were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool. Results: The review included 31 studies, primarily from the USA and Saudi Arabia: 12 cross-sectional, nine case-control, five prospective observational, and five RCTs. Findings showed that clinical periodontal conditions and pro-inflammatory marker levels in e-cigarette users were similar to non-users and lower than conventional cigarette smokers. Dental issues studied included fractures, pain, decay, sensitivity, and loss. Two studies examined harmful metabolites in e-cigarette users. Most studies had low-quality evidence, relying on self-reported data without considering other influencing factors. Conclusion: E-cigarette users may experience more changes in oral tissues compared to non-smokers and former smokers.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a revolutionary jump in the field of dentistry and medicine. Materials and methods: The acceptance of the AI among healthcare professionals is growing minutely. Results: This study identifies the knowledge and perception of the health professionals about the implementation of AI in regular practice.

Background and Objectives: Maxillary expansion is one of the most commonly advocated treatment approaches for the management of the maxillary deficiency in the transverse plane and is possible because of the presence of mid-palatal suture. This finite element method (FEM) study was taken to evaluate the stress pattern and displacement in the screw and its adjacent structures used in three different treatment modalities, such as rapid maxillary expansion (RME), mini-implant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), and MARPE in conjunction with micro-osteoperforations. Materials and Methods: An adult human dried skull, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the skull, and FEM and associated software (GEOMAGIC) were included. The displacements with different activation modules were studied using FEM simulation. Results: In the RME group with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of simulation, 0.55 mm, 1.10 mm, and 1.65 mm of displacement were seen, respectively. In the MARPE group with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of simulation, 0.68 mm, 1.26 mm, and 1.89 mm of displacement were seen, respectively. In MARPE with the micro-osteoperforation group with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of simulation, 0.77 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.33 mm of displacement were seen, respectively. Conclusion: The order of maximum displacement achieved was MARPE+ micro-osteoperforations (model 3) being the highest followed by MARPE (model 2) and RME (model 1).

Introduction: This study compares the efficacy of orthopantomography (OPG), conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing the alveolar antral artery (AAA) within the maxillary sinus. Materials and methods: Conducted among 297 patients in Odisha, with ages ranging from 20 to 50 years, the study utilized three observers to ensure reliability. Results indicated that MRI is the gold standard for AAA visualization, with high intraand interobserver reliability (Cohen’s kappa = 1.0). Results: OPG offers minimal radiation exposure and CBCT provides detailed 3D bone imaging, MRI excels in soft tissue contrast without radiation, proving essential for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning.

Introduction: Ionizing radiation is extensively utilized in dental imaging research, with radiography serving as the primary diagnostic technique in dentistry. Materials and methods: The cytotoxic effects of Xrays are wellestablished, the genotoxic consequences remain debated. Results: This study aims to evaluate the impact of dental Xrays on cellular morphological patterns in the oral mucosa.

Introduction: Color stability is one of the important criteria for the selection of composite during its service. Preheating of composite is performed to improve its handling characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of preheating in two nanohybrid composite resins. Material and Methods: Sixty disk samples were prepared and divided into 2 main groups according to the temperature of preparation (n = 30). Both the groups were subdivided into Group 1A - Kulzer Charisma Diamond (N = 15) and Group 1B - Tetric N-Ceram (N = 15). Al: the sample discs were further immersed in testing solutions of tea, coffee, and distilled water (N = 5) for each group. Results: We observed significantly lower color change in the preheated group as compared to room temperature and also comparable color change in both the types of composites used. Conclusion: It was thus concluded that preheating composites could be effective in maintaining color stability in nanohybrid composite resins.

Introduction: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a major global health concern, with the increasing prevalence of infections that are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. As a result, there is a critical need for alternative antimicrobial agents that can effectively control bacterial infections and combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: In this study, the antibacterial properties of lemon juice mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was evaluated against oral pathogens. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was determined by the agar well diffusion assay. Results: Our results showed that both ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis. Our findings suggest that the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs is attributed to the disruption of bacterial cell membrane integrity and inhibition of bacterial growth. Conclusion: Therefore, lemon juice mediated ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs can be considered as promising antimicrobial agents for controlling bacterial infections.

Aim: This study aims to examine the role of intravenous pyelography (IVP) in the evaluation of developmental renal anomalies. Materials and Method: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 subjects presenting with loin pain and suspicion of renal anomalies, subjected to IVP at ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Descriptive statistics were used for frequency and percentage. Results: The study population consisted of 61.5% males and 38.5% females, indicating a male predilection for renal anomalies. Horseshoe kidney (31%) and duplex collecting system (23%) were the most prevalent anomalies, underscoring the importance of early detection and tailored management. Less frequent anomalies included malrotation, ectopic kidney, crossed renal ectopia, and unilateral renal agenesis. Conclusion: Despite advancements in imaging technology, IVP remains relevant for detailed anatomical and functional assessment of the urinary tract. This study highlights the importance of proactive management and multidisciplinary collaboration in optimizing outcomes for patients with developmental renal anomalies.

Background: Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often lead to sensory challenges and dental anxiety, complicating oral healthcare. Sensory adapted dental environment (SADE) can alleviate anxiety and enhance cooperation during dental procedures, but awareness and implementation among dentists remain limited. Objective: To assess general dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding SADE and identify gaps for targeted educational programs. Methods: A survey of 500 dentists in Tamil Nadu, India, collected data on demographics, SADE knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Analysis included descriptive statistics and significance tests. Results: Most respondents were female (68.6%), aged 21–30 (90.9%), with a BDS degree (76.0%), and having 1–10 years of experience (94.8%). Primary fears for children in dental settings were injections (45.7%) and white coats (41.8%). Nonpharmacologic techniques were preferred by 86.8% of dentists. While 49.5% were aware of SADE, only 30.3% had implemented it. Most recognized its benefits (78.7%) and believed it reduces anxiety (81.9%). Despite interest (84.7%), concerns about costs (53.0%) hindered implementation. Conclusion: Strong interest and perceived benefits of SADE exist among dentists, but cost concerns and limited understanding hinder its implementation. Enhanced education and resources are vital for broader SADE adoption, potentially improving dental care for individuals with IDDs.

Background and Objective: Inspite of advancements in material properties of heat cure acrylic resin, fracture of denture base and allergic reactions due to release of residual monomer is encountered frequently. To improve strength and to reduce residual monomer, different polymerization methods need to be investigated. The objective is to evaluate and compare transverse strength and residual monomer content of two different heat cured denture base resins polymerized by conventional water bath and by autoclave. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared with Acralyn-H conventional heat cure resin and Acralyn-H super hi-impact resin using metal dies. Samples undergoing water bath polymerization were polymerized in water bath at 74°C for 2 hours followed by 100°C for 1 hour and samples undergoing autoclave polymerization were cured in an autoclave at 121°C and 210 kPa for 30 minutes as holding temperature. Transverse strength specimens were processed and then tested for transverse strength in a Universal testing machine. Specimens for residual monomer content estimation were weighed and each specimen’s residual monomer was extracted in methanol using Soxhlet extractor and then read at 230nm in Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer. Concentrations of residual monomer were evaluated and weight fractions were calculated. Results: The results of this study showed a statistically significant difference in transverse strength of Acralyn-H conventional heat cure resin polymerized by autoclave, whereas all other groups showed a non-significant result. Conclusion: Autoclave can be used as an alternative polymerization technique as it has shown similar results when compared with water bath polymerization and the time required for polymerization was also reduced.

Introduction: This study evaluated BMD using radiomorphometric indices from conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the mandible, comparing them with dualenergy Xray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of the spine. Results: The study emphasizes the robustness of DEXAderived T scores for assessing bone health and guiding treatment in postmenopausal women.

Background and Aim: Contribution of organisms causing periodontal disease remains unclear. Strong association has emerged between the presence of gram-positive Filifactor alocis (F.alocis) and periodontitis. Hence, we aimed to identify the presence of F.alocis in periodontal biofilms through PCR technique in health and disease. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 participants divided into three equal groups based on their periodontal conditions, namely, healthy, generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). Methods and Materials: Subgingival plaque samples were obtained, and real-time PCR was used to identify the presence of F.alocis. The clinical parameters, plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were determined. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS (Statistical package for social science). All the data were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Results: The difference between mean plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was statistically significant between healthy and periodontitis (chronic and aggressive) sites. F.alocis was identified in all samples. The mean cycle threshold (CT) values of healthy, GCP, and GAP were 38.01, 30.85, and 28.92, respectively, and the results are statistically significant. Conclusion: The load of organism was significantly higher in the GAP group followed by the GCP group and lowest in the healthy group. Bacterial load was highest in teeth with deep pockets. Hence, F.alocis seems to be a powerful diagnostic marker organism for periodontal disease, and it should be considered an important periodontal pathogen.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of adult posterior fossa tumors. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 20 patients with suspected CNS posterior fossa tumors. MRI scans were performed using a 1.5 Tesla machine with appropriate sequences, including DWI. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study revealed that the majority of posterior fossa tumors occurred in the age group of 61–70 years, with medulloblastoma being the most common tumor subtype. Male patients were more prevalent than females, and DWI showed hyperintensity in the majority of lesions. The reported sensitivity and specificity of DWI were high, indicating its effectiveness in tumor evaluation. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology, clinical features, and radiological characteristics of adult posterior fossa tumors. It underscores the significance of advanced imaging techniques like DWI in improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding clinical management decisions for these challenging neoplasms.

Introduction: To evaluate the effectiveness of different comprehendible educating methods for improving oral health status among the visually challenged individuals. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Elsevier articles published in English language from 2010 to 2023. From this search, 17 studies were incorporated into this systematic review. Two reviewers critically assessed the studies for eligibility criteria and performed data extraction. Results: The included studies featured both traditional and new methods of oral health education. Repeated reinforcement of oral health interventions positively.

Introduction: Evaluating the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Hepatitis B viral infection among the interns of dental colleges in Odisha. Materials and Method: A questionnaire with 20 closed-ended questions was circulated to 269 interns in the dental colleges of Odisha. A total of 243 interns participated in the study and responded on various aspects of Hepatitis B viral infection including symptoms, transmission mechanisms, preventive measures, and immunization. Results and Conclusion: The findings revealed that while most dental interns had a basic understanding of Hepatitis B viral infection, significant gaps existed in their knowledge of transmission routes and the importance of vaccination.

Aim: Aim of the study is to evaluate microleakage of conventional GIC and addition of 1% ethanolic extract of propolis to conventional GIC. Methodology: A study was conducted between two groups. Group A was the conventional GIC group (control) and Group B was treated with GIC incorporated with 1% ethanolic extract of propolis (experimental). To evaluate microleakage, 15 samples were used and class V cavity preparation and restoration were done. Later, they were placed in 0.6% Rhodamine-B dye and evaluated for dye penetration under stereomicroscope. Results: Results showed that microleakage of the experimental group was decreased compared to that of the control group, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.38).

Background: The search for an ideal anchorage during orthodontic treatment resulted in the invention of Orthodontic Mini Implants (OMIs) that do not require patient’s cooperation. In spite of their common use in orthodontics, there is a lack of studies regarding patients’ perceptions of OMIs after their immediate and delayed loading. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the pain and discomfort experienced by patients following the placement of orthodontic mini-implants and immediate loading with delayed loading, and to evaluate their success rate to formulate a definite clinical protocol for loading of the orthodontic mini-implants. Material and Methods: Totally, 32 adult Orthodontic patients who required the extraction of the maxillary first premolars were recruited for the study. The use of OMIs as anchorage were randomized to immediate and delayed loading groups. A visual analogue scale questionnaire was used to seek patients’ perception about use of OMIs at different times. Success rate was also assessed using mobility and signs of inflammation around the OMIs. Results: In general, pain, swelling, bleeding, and discomfort were reported by patients more with the immediate loading group than the delayed loading group. Also, patients experienced difficulty during speech and brushing in the immediate loading group. Conclusions: From this study, it is evident that the delayed loading of the OMIs created less pain and discomfort to patients. Furthermore, the success rate of OMIs was approximately 100% in both groups.