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Neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are applied to characterize the structure of aqueous guanidinium carbonate solutions. The presence of clustering on the nanometer length scale is confirmed by using small-angle neutron scattering experiments, which suggests a molecular-level explanation for the contrasting denaturant properties of guanidinium salts in solution.

The redox behavior and complexation equilibria of Mn(super 2+) are investigated in aqueous solutions of bicarbonate by voltammetry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and the implications for the uptake of Mn(super 2+) by mangano-cluster enzymes such as photosystem II (PSII) are discussed. The derived molecular structures include Mn(super 2+)(HCO(sub 3)(super -))(OH2)(sub 4-5) for the 1 is to 1complex and Mn(super 2+=)(CO(sub 3)(super 2-))(HCO(sub 3)(super -))(OH2)(sub 3) for the 1 is to 2 complex.

In situ second harmonic generation measurements were used to study and compare the environmental-induced surface dynamics of the biomimetic phosphoryl choline (PC)-functionalized poly(trimethylene-carbonate) ionomer to its unfunctionalized counterpart. The results from the studies could be used for successful design and implementation of biomimetic polymers intended for biomedical applications.

In-situ FTIR is used to investigate adsorption and photoassisted oxygen scrambling of CO, CO2, CO3, and HCOO on powdered TiO2 with (super 18)O(sub 2). As clean TiO2 is exposed to CO at 35 degree Celsius, the IR frequencies of adsorbed CO shows that CO is bonded to Ti ions with an oxidation state +4 or less while in case of CO2 adsorption, adsorbed CO3 and CO2 with Ti-O-C-O bonding are produced.