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High sensitivity detection of acetylcholinesterase (Ache) concentration is an important method for water pollution control and treatment. Compared with commonly used detection methods, the dielectric nanoantenna detection method is more direct, efficient, and safer. In this paper, we first studied a silicon disk dielectric antenna for the detection of Ache. We made the structure by electron beam lithography technology and set up the optical system of spectrum measurement. We used the electrical resonance position of its transmission spectrum to calibrate the refractive index of the surface environment, and the sensitivity reaches 222nm/RIU. We introduced the chemical bond coupling method to monitor the Ache concentration changing process, and there is no need to mark the detection substance by modifying the surface of the antenna structure and fixing the antibodies of the substance to be monitored. We achieved the specific monitoring process of Ache concentration, and the minimum detectable concentration is 0.01mg/ml.