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We propose a switchable metamaterial absorber (MMA) for bandwidth tunable broadband and four-band absorption in the terahertz (THz) band based on the phase-transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide (VO2). The proposed MMA can achieve over 90% broadband absorption in the 3.06–7.61, 3.18–8.91, and 2.78–9.22 THz ranges when the conductivity of VO2 is 3 × 1 0 5 , 3 × 1 0 4 , and 2 × 1 0 4 S m − 1 , respectively, and has the advantages of polarization insensitivity and wide-angle absorption. When VO2 is in the insulator phase, the MMA can achieve four-band high absorption, and the absorptance can reach 99% at 2.23, 4.06, 5.80, and 9.82 THz. Through the joint action of the multi-layer structure, the proposed MMA solves the problem that when only VO2 is used to tune the broadband absorption, the decrease in the conductivity of VO2 by 1 order of magnitude will lead to the obvious decrease in the broadband absorption bandwidth. A switchable absorber designed by a simple tuning method without changing the structure has significant development prospects in stealth technology and selective thermal emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]