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Land policy influences how and by whom land is used; therefore, it impacts the efficiency and equity of land use. This paper offers an economic perspective on efficiency and equity as fundamental purposes of planning and land policy. It brings a highly needed mutual understanding between planning and economics, whilst acknowledging the limitations of the theoretical concepts of efficiency and equity in their real-world applications. The paper also provides a solid ground for analysing trade-offs between efficiency and equity of land policy interventions. Situations minimising trade-offs should be of particular interest as they provide opportunities for improvements without necessary sacrifices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's participation in urban planning impacts communities. A policy environment supports their participation, yet this is far from mainstream, particularly in areas of greatest vulnerability. This literature review demonstrates what we do and don't know about barriers and enablers to children's participation in urban planning. We identify key themes within participatory methods, processes, and structures that influence urban planning stages and methods and identify the consequences of children's inclusion or exclusion. We then argue for a research agenda that examines institutional impacts on urban planning and decisions that include or exclude children to contribute to a transformation of on-ground practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on planning literature which include approaches to empirical work in regional economics, understanding the barriers to social adaptation, and management of large city regions.

This section presents abstracts of papers on city planning published from 2007 to 2008, including "Streets, Sounds and Identity in Inter-war Harlem," by Clare Corbould, "(Re)making the Other, Heterosexualising Everyday Space," by Kath Browne, and "Rankings and Reactivity: How Public Measures Recreate Social Worlds," by Wendy Nelson Espeland and Michael Sauder.

Presents abstracts of articles on urban planning. History of cities and regions; Land use controls; Health, education and social services; Community and neighborhood development.

Many governments, businesses, and institutions are committing to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, a goal and process known as deep decarbonization. Achieving this goal in the United States requires a national, economy-wide transformation in energy production and use in five sectors: electricity, transportation, industry, land-based carbon sinks, and buildings. All of these sectors interact with planning for the built environment and land use, so planning scholars and practitioners have many opportunities to engage policymakers working on national-level decarbonization strategies. This article analyzes the consequences of deep decarbonization for the future speed, scale, scope, role, and relevance of planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on topics related to history and planning including attitudes towards menstruation in Elizabethan England, sexual fantasy in modern America, and feminism.

Presents an abstract of the study `The land use implications of alternative municipal finance tools: A discussion paper,' by Enid Slack about the impact of financing tools on land use and development in Canada.

The realities of power influences in rational decisions in planning became topical following Flyvbjerg’s work in 1998. Yet the characterization of the relationship has remained in Flyvbjerg’s basic notion of there being “stable power relations.” In this review, I argue that the nature of the relations may be stable outwardly, but inherently, it may appear more competitive, compromising, confined, or complementary; and that complementary relations between rationality and power are to be preferred. In an attempt to inform planning practice, I propose a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamic relationship between power and rationality and how it can contribute to theoretical development based on Hytonen’s “localization” approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As agencies develop more robust planning objectives for creating sustainable and livable communities, the research community has continued developing tools for estimating transportation impacts for site-level development review. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art trip generation methods. We then offer a discussion about the consistency of approaches compared with theories of travel behavior and urban economics. The main objective is to identify the largest and potentially problematic gaps in methods available for practice in order to allow researchers, agencies, and practitioners to both be aware of these limitations and forge forward new innovations to solve these ongoing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, scholars have examined two common effects of zoning that disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities in the United States: (1) exclusionary effects, resulting from zoning’s erection of direct, discriminatory barriers or indirect, economic barriers to geographic mobility; and (2) intensive and expulsive effects, resulting from zoning’s disproportionate targeting of minority residential neighborhoods for commercial and industrial development. In light of recent legal and federal policy developments, continued research is needed to better understand the scale of the gap between the treatment of white and minority communities and to better understand how zoning can reverse past injustices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many rapid transit projects are justified by a desire to achieve intangible city image and branding goals such as promoting messages of modernity, economic growth, global competitiveness, and world city status. The relationship between rapid transit and city image is poorly understood in the planning literature. In response, this article presents a theoretical framework of rapid transit in image-led planning. The framework and examples of rapid transit in image-led planning in practice reveal that while important, rapid transit alone is not a sufficient condition for wholesale image change, and image-led planning must be mindful of a host of important practical considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As marginalized neighborhoods benefit from cleanup and environmental amenities often brought by municipal sustainability planning, recent trends of land revaluation, investments, and gentrification are posing a conundrum and paradox for environmental justice (EJ) activists. In this article, I examine the progression of the urban EJ agenda—from fighting contamination to mobilizing for environmental goods and resisting environmental gentrification—and analyze how the EJ scholarship has reflected upon the complexification of this agenda. I argue that locally unwanted land uses can be reconceptualized from contamination sources to new green amenities because of the displacement they seem to trigger or accelerate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban and regional planning has a contribution to make toward improving pedestrian safety, particularly in view of the fact that about 273,000 pedestrians were killed in road traffic crashes in 2010. The road is a built environments that should enhance safety and security for pedestrians, but this ideal is not always the case. This article presents an overview of the evidence on the risks that pedestrians face in the built environment. This article shows that design of the roadway and development of different land uses can either increase or reduce pedestrian road traffic injury. Planners need to design or modify the built environment to minimize risk for pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, the Journal of the American Planning Association published a pair of point–counterpoint articles now listed by the American Planning Association as “classics” in the urban planning literature. In the first article, “Are Compact Cities Desirable?” Gordon and Richardson argued in favor of urban sprawl as a benign response to consumer preferences. In the counterpoint article, “Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable?” Ewing argued for compact cities as an alternative to sprawl. It is time to reprise the debate. This article summarizes the literature on urban sprawl characteristics and measurements, causes, impacts, and remedies since the original debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal incorporation can have profound impacts on the urban and political geography of the regions in which they incorporate. These impacts and declines in the rate of municipal formation lead to the question of why municipalities incorporate. The authors synthesize an overview and analysis of the historical literature with a media literature review to construct a comprehensive classification system of theories that explain municipal incorporations. Twelve new micromotives such as eligibility for government grants and economic development are identified. Moreover, the review surprisingly reveals that spatial motives, in contrast to service motives, play the largest role in new municipal incorporations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This review presents a conceptual model to understand and trace the effects of land development on municipal expenditures and revenues. It includes discussion of the how local voters determine levels of expenditures and levels of service subject to external constraints. It also discusses the production function of local public services. This review and model can serve as a basis for evaluating fiscal projections for land development proposals. It finds that direct fiscal impacts measured in most fiscal impact analysis techniques are only a subset of the types of impacts that would likely be expected to result from land development within a community. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

“Holding back the sea” is a predicament that is complicated by coastal development trends, eroding shore zones, and changing environmental conditions such as sea level rise. Planners are important players in shaping adaptive responses and identifying and prioritizing appropriate land-use planning strategies. This article provides an overview of existing regulatory provisions, studies, and planning efforts, as well as approaches and strategies to managing erosion of “high wave energy” and “low-to-medium wave energy” shorelines. The article also highlights the multiple sectors and stakeholders involved, and the need for continued research geared at evaluating the viability and feasibility of natural approaches such as living shorelines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There is no consensus as to what exactly constitutes a suburb. This article examines the range of suburban definitions in terms of their structure and the topical issues that they grapple with. Suburbs have been defined according to many different dimensions from location and transportation modes to culture and physical appearance. Given this confusion, one approach is to abandon the term; another is to use it with greater precision. This is more than just an issue of semantics. Rather how people talk and think about suburbs shapes how they can see such areas being developed and redeveloped in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

By uniting literature from farmland preservation, growth management, food systems, economics, bioengineering, and environmental studies, this article provides an overview and valuation of the services that farms provide for urban areas. This article first analyzes the mission statements of 130 nationally accredited land trusts to ascertain the criteria used in preserving farmland. Land trusts present uniform preference for parcels that provide ecosystem services, wildlife habitat, viewsheds, local heritage, and agricultural productivity. The list of benefits provided by land trusts was compared to a literature review drawing from farmland amenity, agritourism, farmland preservation, and ecosystems studies to reveal the range of market values for the various benefits of farmland. The market value of farmland services varies from −$37,541 to 124,000 per acre depending on the method of analysis and location of the farm. This research has strong implications for land-use planning, economic opportunities, and ecosystems infrastructure in peri-urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Most existing reviews on spatial mismatch have focused on its causes and consequences rather than the successes and failures of planning practices for addressing this problem. This review article contributes to the literature by classifying spatial mismatch mitigation strategies into four groups and evaluating the successes and failures of each strategy group. The evaluation finds that empirical evidence on most strategies is inconsistent and the effectiveness of those strategies remains unclear, yet research examining car ownership programs consistently shows positive effects. The article concludes by recommending planners to expand their support for car ownership programs, test the effectiveness of the more recent, coordinated policy programs, and pay attention to nonspatially related employment barriers such as discrimination, social support, and human capital factors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Modern urban regions are highly complex entities. Despite the difficulty of modeling every relevant aspect of an urban region, researchers have produced a rich variety of models dealing with the manifold processes of urban change. This article reviews the models discussed in the literature in order to understand the most important aspects in modeling for urban studies currently. It starts by making a comprehensive review of the sixty-four models mentioned in the literature, and then “zooms in,” detailing only the dynamic models (considered at the forefront of the fifth generation of systems theory). The issues explored include each model’s subject areas and main goals, scales of analysis, and technologies used. Building on the previous criteria, the article aims to present a guide to existent models and point out future directions toward new technology developments in urban studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstract on planning including a micro-level analysis of the Black voting during the civil rights movement, the influence of land-use planners on flood hazard mitigation and the use on public transport timetable data into health care accessibility modelling.

This article provides an overview on the current debate on evaluation in urban planning. An initial evaluation state of the art is presented in three parts: the evolution of evaluation theory and methods, the contemporary planning debate around different perspectives and paradigms, and the nature and extent of evaluation practice in planning. The second part of the article focuses on the growing emphasis on urban form issues in different planning systems. This comprehensive literature review provides the background to support the authors’ proposal for a set of general principles to evaluate the implementation of urban plans. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts on various topics which include social life and civic education in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the political aspect of neighborhood football clubs in Santiago, Chile and the legacy of urban renewal in Southwest Washington, D.C.

The article presents abstracts on planning-related topics which include an examination of the popularity of dancing in New Zealand during the 1920s and 1930s, an examination of how religious diversity in community affects church membership in a period of high growth and social change and an examination of child labor in urban industries in the Dutch Republic.

The debate on sustainable development emphasizes the importance of integrating environmental policy into all policy sectors. It is increasingly recognized that this integration is needed at both the national and the local levels of governance. The Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) principle agreed upon in a number of international and EU commitments is receiving the attention of more urban planning scholars. The EPI phenomenon is underresearched, and in many countries, its implementation, particularly subnationally as in urban planning, is hindered by organizational and administrative weaknesses. This article seeks to show how a communicative approach can be used to improve EPI in the urban planning context, based on a literature review of organization theory and communicative planning. The review sheds light on the relevance of the communicative approach to EPI by comparing it with existing EPI approaches. The authors conclude that a communicative approach to EPI is potentially illuminating in changing organizational structures and how individual actors interact in urban planning processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on land use planning topics, including "Historical Amnesia: New Urbanism and the City of Tomorrow," "More Than Sector Theory: Homer Hoyt's Contributions to Planning Knowledge" and "Methodology for the Survival Analysis of Urban Building Stocks."

Annexation is the most common and frequent type of local boundary adjustment. It is a complex process with significant implications for communities. This article summarizes past and recent scholarly research relating to the state requirements guiding annexation, and the fiscal impacts, local motivations, and social and political implications of the process. Its purpose is to integrate literature from across disciplines to better understand the many dimensions of annexation and the challenges that confront planners in planning for or reacting to boundary change. It concludes with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern urban regions are highly complex entities. Despite the difficulty of modeling every relevant aspect of an urban region, researchers have produced a rich variety of models dealing with interrelated processes of urban change. The most popular types of models have been those dealing with the relationship between transportation network growth and changes in land use and the location of economic activity, embodied in the concept of accessibility. This article reviews some of the more common frameworks for modeling transportation and land use change, illustrating each with some examples of operational models that have been applied to real-world settings. It then identifies new directions for future research in urban modeling and notes the important contributions of the field to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concern over the threat to wetlands from urban development has increased with rising levels of suburbanization. This article provides an extensive overview of the literature on the history and structure of U.S. wetland conservation policy. The authors focus on regulations that permit wetland destruction in return for mitigation of wetland damage and highlight concerns that current wetland mitigation policies may lead to the redistribution of wetland benefits among specific population groups. Researchers and planners have yet to construct systems that enable them to answer a very basic question: Does wetland mitigation contribute to social disparity and inequity? The authors outline a data collection framework for use in determining if and how social disparities may occur during mitigation. They also discuss the use of spatial and temporal preference measures as a tool for addressing these considerations. Finally, they discuss how recent Supreme Court limitations on federal jurisdiction over wetlands may alter the roles and responsibilities of planners, arguing that these new roles may provide the opportunity for planners to fully incorporate social considerations into mitigation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population of the United States will likely grow by 40 percent by 2050 with the growth concentrated in eight to ten megaregions, connected networks of metropolitan areas. Planners in the United States have begun to plan for these large regions. Their work raises four persistent questions: what is a megaregion, and how does one determine where a megaregion exists? Why plan at the scale of megaregions rather than at metropolitan, state, and national levels? What are appropriate methods and useful data for megaregion planning? When is the megaregion a useful scale for policy and planning? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of planning. They include "The Fall and Rise of the Local Community: A Comparative and Historical Perspective," by Hellmut Wollman, "The Compact Versus the Dispersed City: History of Planning Ideas on Sofia's Urban Form," by Sonia Hirt, and "A Paradigm for Practice," by Ronald D. Brunner.

Presents several abstracts featured in various journals as of August 2006. "Creating the Public Domain: Nineteenth-Century Local State Formation in Britain and the U.S.," by Alan Digaetano; "The Significance of Color Declines: A Re-Analysis of Skin Tone Differentials in Post-Civil Rights America," by Aaron Gullickson; "Deconstructing the City of Culture: The Long-Term Cultural Legacies of Glasgow 1990," by Beatriz García.

Presents abstracts of environmental planning research. They include "Integrating a performance-based approach into practice: A case study," "Local commitment to state-mandated planning in coastal North Carolina" and "Fiscal consequences of concentrated poverty in a metropolitan region."

Presents abstracts of several studies on environment and planning. "Explaining the Growth of British Multiple Retailing During the Golden Age," by Carlo Morelli; "Cities in the Shade: Urban Geography and the Uses of Noir," by Matthew Farish; "Geographers and the Tennessee Valley Authority," by Ronald Reed Boyce.

Presents abstracts of several studies on city planning. "Designing and Living in a New Industrial Suburb: Experiences in the Cannock Chase Coalfield From the 1950s to the 1970s," by Gareth Evans and Peter J. Larkham; "Learning to Shop in Zion: The Consumer Revolution in Great Basin Mormon Culture,1847-1910," by Greg Umbach; "Curing Congestion: Competing Plans for a Loop Highway and Parking Regulations in Boston in the 1920s," by Asha Weinstein.

Presents several abstracts of studies concerning land use planning. "North American Urban History: The Everyday Politics and Spatial Logics of Metropolitan Life," by Mary Corbin Sies; "The Myth of Liberty Place: Race and Public Memory in New Orleans," by Jacob A. Wagner; "Planned Industrial Districts in Chicago: Firms, Networks, and Boundaries," by Robert Lewis.

Strengthening the effectiveness of metropolitan smart growth policies requires an understanding of the role and conditions of inner ring suburbs. Nevertheless, the issue of the deterioration of the inner ring suburbs has only recently received significant consideration by urban scholars and policy makers. In this article, the authors review the literature on metropolitan formation and the smart growth movement to critically assess how well it characterizes and explains the evolution of inner ring suburbs, as well as to emphasize the role that inner ring suburbs can play in metropolitan smart growth strategies. They next characterize the literature specifically focused on inner ring suburbs in terms of what it has to offer on defining such areas. After identifying the gaps in the literature, the authors offer a methodology for accurately defining inner ring suburbs and conclude with a discussion of policy for effectively addressing the socioeconomic needs of the inner ring suburbs within the context of metropolitan smart growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the abstracts of several studies on planning. "The Rise (and Decline) of American Regional Science: Lessons for the New Economic Geography?," by Trevor J. Barnes; "Contesting Visions: Hybridity, Liminality and Authorship of the Chandigarh Plan," by Nihal Perera; "Waiting for Geography," by Marcus A. Doel.

This bibliography reviews periodical literature on China's experience in land use reforms after the 1970s. It begins by examining the introduction of market mechanisms in land allocation and subsequent changes in land tenure in both rural and urban areas, in which land use rights are separated from ownership and are privatized. These changes led to the development of urban housing markets and a housing finance system. The bibliography then examines influences from legislative and administrative sectors, such as land use laws, governmental policies, and urban planning. In addition, the bibliography examines Hong Kong's land use system that is based on market mechanisms in which, nonetheless, the city government, through land use laws and plans, plays a significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural America's economy, culture, and landscape have entered a period of sustained and dramatic change. Patterns of land use and the context of development are increasingly driven by natural resource-based amenity values. Planners face a new breed of economic, social, and environmental issues brought about by this rapid change in land use; driven, in large part, by demands for rural residential developments and recreationally-oriented land uses. This annotated bibliography has been compiled as a primer to the academic literature that relates to this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western Europeans, by virtue of living in relatively small and densely populated countries, have learned how to protect lands where there is little pristine nature or state ownership. The results are protected landscapes, where management goals include not just recreation and environmental protection but also cultural retention and a sustainable economy. This article reviews English-language literature on the designation of protected landscapes and their management goals, participatory techniques for working with local residents, regulatory and land use planning within the units, and limitations of the literature and applicability of protected landscapes in a North American context. Given the complexity of management and the importance of human-to-nature relations in these areas, planners have much to contribute to the study and implementation of protected landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban scholars have recently begun to employ transaction costs as a heuristic device to understand the land use planning process. This emphasis on transaction costs can be traced to Ronald H. Coase's "The Problem of Social Cost," an article that calls into question the traditional market failure justification for public policy intervention. This article reviews the normative debate surrounding the Coase Theorem and the effects of this debate on positive analyses of the land use planning process. An emphasis on the transaction costs of public policy intervention provides a useful framework for understanding the private demand for land use plans, the organizational dimension of land use plan implementation, and the impact of alternate land use planning systems on the land development decisions of private landowners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses a study which reviewed empirical studies of the relationship between transportation facilities and property values. Methods and design of the first and second generation highway studies; Effects of rail transit on land values; Conclusions.