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Many governments, businesses, and institutions are committing to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, a goal and process known as deep decarbonization. Achieving this goal in the United States requires a national, economy-wide transformation in energy production and use in five sectors: electricity, transportation, industry, land-based carbon sinks, and buildings. All of these sectors interact with planning for the built environment and land use, so planning scholars and practitioners have many opportunities to engage policymakers working on national-level decarbonization strategies. This article analyzes the consequences of deep decarbonization for the future speed, scale, scope, role, and relevance of planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise measurement of urban land (UL) is an essential tool for planning in a world of accelerating change and increasing risk, but analysis has traditionally faced methodological and conceptual challenges. This review traces the evolution of UL measurement in the United States (US) from early attempts at quantification through current innovative approaches that analyze the qualities of UL. Researchers now have tools better suited to multi-scalar and complex conceptualization of urban systems. Given this maturation, critical reflection on research design has become essential to UL research, in particular the alignment of measurement tools with desired outcomes and planning goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including overlap between planning and environmental psychology; law and legislation related to land use in the U.S.; and urban design.

Light pollution (LP) is a growing scourge in metropolitan areas yet is largely ignored by planners. It has negative impacts on the health of humans and of wildlife and threatens views of the night sky. This article reviews adverse impacts in multiple categories, highlights mitigation strategies, and makes the case for more engagement in planning scholarship and practice especially in the United States. Defining LP and balancing competing values in its mitigation are political acts, challenged by, among other things, lack of public awareness, the primacy of energy efficiency among factors in decision-making, and the association of more light with greater security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the demographic profile of the older adults in the United States, in the next two decades, cities and communities need to adapt the form, environment, and transportation systems to accommodate the growing aging population. In this article, I review two streams of literature in the mobility among the older population: the mobility/living environment and wellbeing; the relationship between living environment and mobility. I argue that two streams of literature should be combined to inform an interdisciplinary dialogue and a new agenda for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the concept of shared equity homeownership (SEH) in the United States. The review examines the origins of the SEH model and its historic precedents. It considers the impetus for SEH, setting the discourse within the context of US housing policy and, specifically, low-income homeownership research. Subsequently, the review assesses the current state of SEH research, including the evidence associated with SEH as an affordable housing strategy, its application and challenges in the field, and gaps in the scholarly discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many people poised to move through housing choice voucher programs cite violence as a primary factor in their decision-making. This study synthesizes a body of qualitative data to explore how participants recount their experiences with neighborhood violence and analyzes its relationship to residential decision-making. We find that while participants expressed a desire to move to improve their circumstances, they also recounted how neighborhood violence constrained choice by influencing a multitude of factors in the decision-making process. This shows the stress neighborhood violence places on households and how neighborhood factors constrain housing choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to create low-income housing opportunities and mitigate exclusionary zoning, in 1968 Congress mandated that municipalities receiving comprehensive planning funds must create a housing element. In tandem, many states mandated that municipal housing elements must accommodate low-income housing needs. After examining empirical research for California, Florida, Illinois, and Minnesota, this review found aspirational success because those states rewarded the municipal planning process. In order to increase low-income housing, this review argues for state housing policy reform. Under US Department of Housing and Urban Development’s revised fair housing rule, which requires an assessment of local data, states can no longer ignore the exclusionary behavior of municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, scholars have examined two common effects of zoning that disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities in the United States: (1) exclusionary effects, resulting from zoning’s erection of direct, discriminatory barriers or indirect, economic barriers to geographic mobility; and (2) intensive and expulsive effects, resulting from zoning’s disproportionate targeting of minority residential neighborhoods for commercial and industrial development. In light of recent legal and federal policy developments, continued research is needed to better understand the scale of the gap between the treatment of white and minority communities and to better understand how zoning can reverse past injustices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliography synthesizes literature on growth management published between 2000 and 2010 in selected planning periodicals. Scholarship on growth management during the last decade, as evidenced in the selected journals, has blossomed within six primary categories: smart growth, urban form, environment and sustainability, participation and public opinion, tools and techniques, and analysis and evaluation. This bibliography also attends to disciplinary topics that reach outside the exclusive purview of planners and which are treated more comprehensively in nonplanning journals. This synthesis of the planning periodical literature helps mark boundaries of planners’ attention to topics of growth management during the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article summarizes what we know about marketplaces in the United States, relates that knowledge to a research agenda on the subject, and makes suggestions for planning practice. This review accomplishes these three goals beginning with a historical review of marketplaces, focused mostly on the United States. The research literature on marketplaces is reviewed from political, economic, social, and health perspectives with suggestions for further basic and applied research. In short, the article shows how marketplaces were once tools of nascent planning and public policy, describes the reasons they should be again, and shows how planners and policy makers can advance public purposes through markets. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts on history, theory and administration including the story of human deprivation and suffering within the context of "colonial biopolitics" to regenerate Irish society, the history of white supremacy in Kentucky's Bluegrass region, and the comparison of the massacres at the University of Texas and Virginia Tech which has about forty-year interval.

Health impact assessments (HIAs) provide an attractive approach for those interested in injecting health issues into planning processes. While HIAs have been mainly employed outside the United States and led by professionals from the public health field, they hold promise for addressing the important dimension of human health in planning. This article describes the history of HIAs and their relationship to other analogous tools, reviews current theory and practice of HIAs, and discusses the role of HIAs in current planning initiatives. The authors suggest it is important to modify existing HIA tools so that they are perceived by planners as a useful supplement to current planning processes rather than a burdensome additional requirement. The authors close by discussing how HIAs present distinct advantages, providing a more specific focus on the important topic of human health and a further opportunity to more closely partner with potential allies from public health and related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on city planning-related topics, including visions of waterfront development in postindustrial Philadelphia, the construction of a town planning perception of Colombo, and city planning and the U.S. census.

By 2030, seventy-two million people, or fully one of every five Americans, will be aged sixty-five or older, raising important concerns about how our cities, communities, and transportation facilities will safety accommodate their travel needs. The current policy solution is to increase driver testing, provide senior-oriented paratransit services, and ultimately, to house older, nondriving adults in senior care communities where more mobile individuals can provide basic household-related services for them. These practices, while perhaps well intentioned, effectively segregate older adults from the larger community. We can do better. This article summarizes the available literature on the travelrelated needs, abilities, and preferences of older adults. Through a synthesis of the current knowledge, it identifies four strategies that can be used to design communities and transportation systems to address the safety and mobility needs of an aging population in an inclusive, universal manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal design is a design philosophy couched in a public discourse of social inclusion. Spurred by disability civil rights legislation, growth of the older population, the information revolution, and markets, universal design has become a global design paradigm. This article reviews global dimensions of the paradigm and implementation strategies related to public transportation. Given universal design's overall inclusionary values beyond American Disability Act standards, the article asks, What is universal design's potential for redressing sociospatial exclusion among mobility-disadvantaged populations? Using a multitiered social exclusion/accessibility framework, the article addresses this question and draws conclusions about universal design applied to transit in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concern over the threat to wetlands from urban development has increased with rising levels of suburbanization. This article provides an extensive overview of the literature on the history and structure of U.S. wetland conservation policy. The authors focus on regulations that permit wetland destruction in return for mitigation of wetland damage and highlight concerns that current wetland mitigation policies may lead to the redistribution of wetland benefits among specific population groups. Researchers and planners have yet to construct systems that enable them to answer a very basic question: Does wetland mitigation contribute to social disparity and inequity? The authors outline a data collection framework for use in determining if and how social disparities may occur during mitigation. They also discuss the use of spatial and temporal preference measures as a tool for addressing these considerations. Finally, they discuss how recent Supreme Court limitations on federal jurisdiction over wetlands may alter the roles and responsibilities of planners, arguing that these new roles may provide the opportunity for planners to fully incorporate social considerations into mitigation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on urban studies including one about domestic space in the mid-20th century in Turkey, collective homeownership in the U.S. and the politics of sate fair employment practices legislation in the North 1945-1964.

Scholarship on Latino communities in the United States has yet to catch up with the rapid growth of this ethnic population in the country. Understanding the Latino urban experience and developing plans to better respond to both the needs of Latino communities and their integration within society is not only relevant, but also urgently necessary. Using the city of Los Angeles as a main lens, in addition to a general look at the urban Southwest, we contribute to the scholarship on the subject with a review of literature on Latino communities. We structure the review as an assessment of the various challenges and opportunities for urban Latinos in the pre-war, postwar, and contemporary city. Focusing on space, culture, economy, and governance, we chart the various roles both the private and public sectors play in meeting these challenges. Our reading of the literature shows that particular government actions in the economic and governance domains in the past had positive impacts on Latino integration, and we call for a similar effort today in addressing contemporary challenges. We conclude by suggesting that future planning scholarship on Latino communities engage the wider urban studies literature, focus on emerging forms of urbanization, and call on planners to sustain increased academic and practical interest in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population of the United States will likely grow by 40 percent by 2050 with the growth concentrated in eight to ten megaregions, connected networks of metropolitan areas. Planners in the United States have begun to plan for these large regions. Their work raises four persistent questions: what is a megaregion, and how does one determine where a megaregion exists? Why plan at the scale of megaregions rather than at metropolitan, state, and national levels? What are appropriate methods and useful data for megaregion planning? When is the megaregion a useful scale for policy and planning? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public restrooms are among the few remaining sex-segregated spaces in the American landscape, tangible relics of gender discrimination. This article describes how public restrooms have historically discriminated by class, race, physical ability, sexual orientation, as well as gender. It examines how public restrooms pose special health and safety problems for women, men, children, elderly, persons with disabilities, and caregivers. It chronicles potty parity legislation, examining impacts of and backlash from recent laws. It presents new developments signaling a growing international movement and a quiet restroom revolution: the newly formed World Toilet Organization, American Restroom Association, increased family and unisex restrooms, and technological inventions such as automatic self-cleaning public toilets. It proposes innovative solutions about how twenty-first--century public restrooms can make cities more livable; offers roles for planners, designers, and civic officials, and suggests new research directions. Sources include an extensive literature review of relevant legal research, scholarly publications, and media coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliography identifies and describes social science literature published since 1970 on suburban racial housing discrimination in the United States, emphasizing materials published since 1990. Attempts by suburbs using zoning or other means to exclude affordable and/or public housing, and real estate and lending industry discrimination are covered, as are studies of the spatial mismatch hypothesis, or suburban jobs/housing imbalance. Included as well are studies of efforts to oppose discrimination, such as fair housing enforcement, fair share housing, and the open suburbs movement. The bibliography consists of 321 annotated entries in four groups: bibliographies and reference sources, monographs (pre- and post-1990), and journal articles, with author, geographic, and subject cross-references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claims of induced travel demand have seemingly paralyzed the ability to rationalize road development in the United States. Methodological issues related to resolution of analysis, measurement, specification, and normative significance are raised in this article. Five types of empirical studies—facility specific, model forecasts, area studies using proxy elasticities, area studies using partial elasticities, and disaggregate analyses—are reviewed and critiqued. Efforts to simultaneously model road supply and demand relationships and identify interaction effects are also reviewed. Based on a meta-analysis, the preponderance of research points to an appreciable induced demand effect; however, problems related to research design continue to cast doubts about our understanding of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review evaluates the perception that subsidized housing results in negative neighborhood impacts by considering four commonly studied putative impacts of subsidized housing location: property values, racial transition, poverty concentration, and crime. The authors assess theoretical and methodological bases for discerning impacts and determine which study results inspire confidence. Research reveals a relationship between the presence of subsidized housing and both property values and crime in certain circumstances, with both positive and negative impacts, and suggests that the presence of subsidized housing does not lead to racial transition. Research on the impact of subsidized housing on poverty concentration is too flawed methodologically to permit conclusions. Future research must, among other steps, control for variability of impacts across types of neighborhoods, use data that distinguish between residents of subsidized and nonsubsidized housing, and take into account changing attitudes as well as the context in which housing is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gay, lesbian, and queer population is a marginalized group, but its concerns are not marginal to planning. It is a sizable group, heterogeneous (not least in income), and growing in visibility. This article examines the implications for planning practice of the emergence of gay inert, lesbians, and related nonconformist groups. Most of the research that is easily applied to planning practice has focused on residential enclaves and neighborhoods. Work is also starting to appear on zoning and housing, business development including tourism, historic preservation, and the use of public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State sponsorship of regional and statewide growth management programs is now four decades old. Surprisingly, much variation exists among scholarly accounts of the quiet revolution and the second wave of state growth management program history. The literature has expanded rapidly as state growth management programs have evolved in the 1990s into new phases of program history: a third wave and now a subsequent era called "smart growth." As we look ahead to newer state programs that are designed to curb sprawl and promote sustainability, it is useful to take a comprehensive took at where we have been. The state growth management literature deserves consolidation, reconsideration, and reconciliation. With almost three hundred annotated entries, this bibliography provides a thorough, but not exhaustive, review of the literature on state growth management programs. The bibliography's primary purpose is to identify the states that are considered, or should be considered, growth management states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an argument for the insertion of an explicitly `gendered' focus into local economic development planning in the United States. Women, economic growth and traditional local economic development planning; Women and equity planning for low-income communities; Federalism, women and the increasing importance of local planning and activism.

Presents an abstract of the article `Private crime control: From 19th-century horse companies to contemporary contract security,' by Craig B. Little about the predominance of private policing as a mode of crime control in the United States.

Presents a bibliography of regional planning in the United States. Reference to the book `Territory and Function'; Discussion on regionalism; Information on economic development.

Presents reviews of several studies which examined the determinants of residential property values in the United States, with reference to the impact of planning and the problems planning addresses. Contribution of planning to housing affordability problems; How metropolitan planning can help housing affordability problems; Details on the differences in property values in metropolitan areas.

Presents abstracts of articles from a number of books and magazines, which deal with economics and demography.

Comments on Barry Checkoway's essay `Reinventing the Research University for Public Service.' Why the essay can be described as an important piece; Need for the research university to be reinvented to meet the needs of the twenty-first century; View that Checkoway's essay could have been stronger if he had placed the reinvention of universities into a broader context.

Discusses gentrification and the role its plays in society in the United States. What gentrification involves; Effects of gentrification on society; Persons most displaced by gentrification; Impact of gentrification on crime.

Contends that knowledge of pollution prevention strategies provides planners with a perspective for encouraging economic development while minimizing the impact of development on the environment. Comments on literature; Background on emergence of pollution prevention policies at the federal and state levels; Barriers to pollution control; Accountability of pollution prevention decisions.

Describes the legislation and some of the landmark litigation that led to deinstitutionalization and the development of community residential services for people with developmental disabilities (DD) in the United States. Attitudes towards the role of people with mental retardation (MR); Government response to the needs of citizens with mental retardation; Effect of unionization.

Focuses on the established subfield of alternative dispute resolution in environmental mediation in the United States. Characterization of the set of activities within conflict management; Portrayal of literature on environmental mediation; Influence of values and politics in environmental conflict; Assessment of the success of environmental mediation.

Focuses on the relationship between economic development and the quality and quantity of infrastructure in the United States. Provision of telecommunications infrastructure to promote economic development; Definitions of infrastructure; Past and current infrastructure situation; Spatial consequences of telecommunications technology; Telecommunication planning.

Examines how regulatory takings and land use were treated in the press in the United States. Newspaper coverage of three US Supreme Court cases that have shaped takings law; Debate among legal scholars over the finer points of the Takings Clause and its meaning for the rights of private property when balanced against the public good.

Focuses on the links between public health and city planning in the United States. Importance of maintaining the links between public health and city planning; Journal of the American Planning Association (JAPA) and American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) as guide for information; University graduate programs for illustrations of interactions; Tightening the links.