1. A Safer, Wide-Temperature Liquefied Gas Electrolyte Based on Difluoromethane
- Author
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Yihui Zhang, Dijo Damien, Marco Olguin, Matthew Mayer, Yangyuchen Yang, Oleg Borodin, Y. Shirley Meng, Ekaterina S. Sablina, Yijie Yin, Daniel M. Davies, Cyrus S. Rustomji, Jungwoo Z. Lee, and Bingyu Lu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrolyte ,Conductivity ,010402 general chemistry ,Liquefied Gas Electrolyte ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Engineering ,Operating temperature ,Solvation Structure ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Flammability ,Energy ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Liquid gas ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Lithium Metal ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Anode ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Chemical Sciences ,Safety ,0210 nano-technology ,Difluoromethane - Abstract
Development of safe electrolytes that are compatible with both lithium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes that can operate in a wide-temperature range is a formidable, yet important challenge. Recently, a new class of electrolytes based on liquefied gas solvents has shown promise in addressing this issue. Concerns, however, have been raised on the pressure, flammability and low maximum operating temperature of these systems. Here, we endeavor to mitigate safety and practicality concerns by demonstrating an enhanced safety feature inherent in liquefied gas electrolytes and by showing the viability of using difluoromethane as a liquefied gas solvent which has lower pressure, lower flammability, and improved maximum operation temperature characteristics compared with fluoromethane. We create a custom-built setup to enable liquefied gas electrolyte characterization through Raman spectroscopy and supplement this with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The electrolyte shows good conductivity through a wide temperature range and compatibility with both the lithium metal anode and 4 V class cathodes. The demonstrated use of such alternative liquefied gas solvents opens a path towards the further development of high-energy and safe batteries that can operate in a wide-temperature range.
- Published
- 2021