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Unlike other types of heart failure (HF), the efficacy of traditional medication and therapies are usually not reliable in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It may be attributed to obviously heterogeneous etiologies and inconsistent pathophysiological pathways among such patients. GE's phenotyping is a novel etiology-oriented classification method. It not only facilitates grouping HFpEF patients with similar pathophysiological mechanisms, but also contributes to making appropriate diagnosis and treatment plans, and taking prognosis assessment and management measures for different types of HF patients. In the future, GE's phenotyping is expected to be an important reference for clinical study design for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]