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Objective: To compare the effect of reperfusion by measuring time domain parameters of heart rate variability before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Study design: Quasi-experimental study design Place and Duration: Department of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC/NIHD), Rawalpindi in 2018. Patients and Methods: 40 patients with coronary artery disease having a mean age of 55.20 ± 8.03 years were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. DMS 300-4A Holter monitors were used to obtain 24 hours of ambulatory ECG recording before and within 24 hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Digital ECG data were transferred to the computer and edited with the help of DMS Cardio scan software. Heart rate variability was analysed in time domain measures. For time domain analysis normal heart rate, SDNN, SDNNi, SDANN, RMSSD, and pNN50 were recorded from 12 lead digital ECG data. Results: The results of our study demonstrated significantly decreased heart rate variability in coronary artery disease patients on comparison of pre and post-angioplasty values only SDNNi was significantly reduced (pvalue = 0.035) whereas the reduction in SDNN and pNN50 was statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.05). On the contrary, SDANN and RMSSD displayed a slight rise after angioplasty, but it was not significant (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Reperfusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty decreases heart rate variability within 24 hours after the procedure. Whereas heart rate during the same period after angioplasty increases. This reflects autonomic balance shifts towards sympathetic predominance as indicated by reduced heart rate variability and a rise in heart rate. This makes the susceptible patients vulnerable for the development of ventricular arrhythmias, especially during 24 hours after angioplasty. Therefore, patients with decreased heart rate variability are at risk of ventricular arrhythmogenesis so they may be kept under medical surveillance for at least 24 hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To observe the effects of Pomegranate juice (PJ) and Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on glomerular transvertical diameter in steroid induced mice kidney damage. Methods: In this experimental study forty healthy adult mice (BALB/c strain), average weighing 25-30 gms were divided into four groups, having ten mice each. Control group A received only standard laboratory diet without alteration.Experimental groups B, C and D were injected ND (Nandrolone decanoate) (1 mg/100 gm body weight), intramuscularly (I/M), in the hind limb once a week for 8 weeks. Experimental group C was also given PJ (3ml/kg body weight) by oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks and experimental group D was given PPE (200mg/kg body weight) through oral gavage tube,daily for 8 weeks.After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and both kidneys of all mice were obtained. Kidneys were processed, embedded and stained for histological study by using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains. The results were compiled and compared. Results: After ND administration, glomerular diameter was significantly reduced in experimental group B when compared to control group A.Protective effects were seen when comparison of experimental group B was done with PJ and PPE administered experimental groups C and D, respectively. When results of experimental groups C and D were compared with each other no statistical significance was present. Conclusion: Both forms of Pomegranate has ameliorative effects on glomerular transvertical diameter in steroid induced mice kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on fatigability of soleus (slow) and extensor digitorium longus (EDL) (fast) muscles of female Sprague Dawley rats. Methods:Twenty healthy female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups with 10 rats each. Group I (control) was fed with normal diet and group II (diabetic) was given high fat diet. Group II was given intra-peritoneal streptozotocin(STZ) (35mg/kg body weight) on 15th day. Body weight, blood glucose and TG:HDL ratio were estimated on 21st day to confirm type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induction. Soleus and extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscles were removed intact and fixed in organ bath system containing Krebs-Ringer buffer solution and connected to data acquisition unit (iWorx®) to study their contractile and fatigability parameters. Results: Soleus and extensor digotorium longus muscles of female diabetic rats displayed significantly (p<0.05) increased fatigability. Conclusions:Fatigability of slow (soleus) and fast (EDL) muscles increases in T2DM.There occurs reduction in resistance to and recovery from fatigue in both slow and fast skeletal muscles of type 2 diabetic female Sprague Dawley rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]