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In this paper, we reexamine a known disamenity to glean new insights into neighborhood spillovers. Employing a survival analysis and a difference-in-difference framework, we find that registered sex offenders have a large adverse impact on nearby home liquidity on average; and, this effect is largely driven by “surprises” of their moving in or out during the marketing period of nearby homes. However, for homes near offenders who reside nearby through the entire marketing period, sellers tend to steeply discount the initial list price and may actually sell their homes more quickly. These cases ultimately lead to lower sale prices for nearby properties on average, while the sale price effects are nosier for the surprise or temporally dynamic cases, providing initial evidence that more dynamic externalities manifest primarily in the liquidity of nearby homes.

Spatial amenities, along with structural characteristics, affect residential property values. Although the bundle of structural characteristics is typically the primary value determinant, studies have shown that externalities and risk factors can adversely affect property values. We use residential property sales data from 2010 to 2014 and sinkhole data from “sinkhole alley” in Florida to examine the effect of sinkhole presence, proximity, and density on the sale price of residential real estate. Using a spatial error regression model, the results show that sinkhole proximity and sinkhole exposure (density) create a negative externality and both have a significant negative effect on house prices. While the results show a negative effect of having a sinkhole on the property, those results are not statistically significant.

This study is the first to examine dual agency sales over the listing contract between seller and listing agent. We test hypotheses about the timing of dual agency and its effects on sales price and time on market. Probit results indicate that dual agency sales are more likely to occur near the beginning or the end of a listing contract. Three stage least squares results demonstrate that dual agency affects sales price in both periods and that dual agency sales have shorter marketing times. Results support the conclusion that dual agency sales result from both incentives and informational efficiencies. In the residential real estate market, buyers and sellers both rely greatly on

Local markets for real estate brokerage services typically exhibit fairly strict pricing. Increased popularity of limited service brokerages provides an opportunity to study any loss in utility by sellers using these firms. Anecdotal evidence suggests that sellers experience a decreased selling price or an increased marketing time when utilizing limited service brokers, but there has been little prior empirical work. This study finds that limited service listings sell for significantly more and spend significantly less time on the market than traditional listings. The price and marketing time impacts vary by home value and local market conditions.

This study seeks to find the extent to which various measures of public school quality are capitalized into house prices after the No Child Left Behind Act (2001). Individual residential sales in Cuyahoga County, Ohio for 2000 and 2005 are analyzed as to the effect of school quality using regression analysis with a spatial error model. Results show that while all school quality measures tested have some explanatory power, school district ratings and performance index, which are comprehensive measures of school quality, are the most appropriate measures and are readily capitalized into housing prices.

Home-sellers may not occupy their property when listed for sale. While previous research has analyzed the effect of a vacancy on the sales price of residential properties, no research to date has quantified the economic benefits and costs of renting vis-Ã -vis leaving a property vacant while listed for sale. Renting a property will produce revenue but perhaps at the cost of a lower sale price and/or longer time on the market. This paper employs data on 55,202 homes sold in the Las Vegas, Nevada area to determine if renting a property increases or decreases the wealth position of home sellers. The results of an empirical test of the model are used to quantify the wealth effect. The findings indicate that renting the property produces a significant reduction in the home seller’s wealth position.

Multiple Listing Service data are employed to examine how the type of agency representation influences the sale price of a residential property. The results differ by property size. The type of agency representation is relevant only for some segments of the market, mainly smaller- to medium-sized properties. For a certain range of property sizes, buyers who engage a buyer’s agent pay on average 2% less. However, an above average buyer’s agent commission can more than cancel this price effect. Buyers that engage a buyer’s agent that comes from the same firm as the listing agent never pay more for a house.

The article examines whether and to what extent the level of a buyer's agent commission will affect the sale price of a house. The estimation results suggest that a higher commission rate leads to a higher sale price, although only for lower-priced houses. It is suggested that, at least for this market segment, there may be a principal-agent problem: buyer's agents do not act in the best interest of their clients because of the institutional structure of sales commissions.

Using a hedonic pricing model, we analyze the capitalization of total seller paid discount points and closing costs into the price of a house. We hypothesize that sellers are concerned about the sales price net of total seller paid concessions (SPNC), rather than the exact terms of the transaction. Since the SPNC is easily ascertained in the negotiation process, we further hypothesize that total seller paid concessions (TSPC) are fully capitalized into the sales price. To test this hypothesis, sales price is regressed on a set of control variables including TSPC. In this framework, TSPC will be positive and not significantly different from one if concessions are fully capitalized. The empirical results provide support for the capitalization hypothesis. Negotiation strategies and study limitations follow from the empirical results.

Factors external to a home's characteristics may influence the sales price. This analysis focuses on Bellingham, Washington, because of several influences including the Canadian economy and nonresidents. First estimated is a constant-quality Bellingham housing price index, which is used as the dependent variable in a reduced-form model of market price to estimate the impact of the exchange rate. The analysis (1984-94) suggests that a 10% rise in the exchange rate leads to a 7.7% rise in Bellingham home prices. Additionally, in 1990, non-county buyers paid 4% to 6% more than county residents and non-county sellers received 6% to 8% less.

The topic of neighborhood redevelopment is central to residential appraisal and the lending process. We examine both the effect of neighborhood upgrading and decline, captured by subsidized new residential construction and sustained property tax delinquency respectively, on the sales price of one-to-two family homes. The research uses a two stage hedonic price model of 12,100 individual residential sales in Cleveland, Ohio during 1992-94. Results show a significant positive effect of $670 on the sales price of existing housing for each new unit built in a one-to-two block area. A decrease in sales price of $778 is associated with a 1% increase in the tax delinquency rate. The spatial variability of these effects is also explored.

This study considers the effect of underground storage tanks on residential sales price. These effects are tested with a hedonic pricing model for all 1992 residential sales in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Three types of tanks were tested: non-leaking tanks registered with the state of Ohio, leaking tanks that are currently not registered, and registered leakers. Results show that close proximity (same block or within 300 feet) to registered, non-leaking tanks and to unregistered leakers did not significantly affect sales price. However, proximity to a leaking, registered tank demonstrated a reduction in price of over 17%.

In this paper we forecast demand for existing single-family housing in the United States. We first find that sales volume (sales) and median sales price (price) have unit roots. We then find that sales and price are cointegrated. We develop a vector autoregressive (VAR) model with error correction to further examine the causality between sales and price. We find that there exists a bidirectional causality relationship between sales and price. Price affects sales significantly and sales affects price weakly. With the VAR model we then forecast sales and price for existing single-family housing during the period 1991 to 1994 by using a recursive method. We find that our predictions for sales and price fit the actual data well.

This study examines efficiency in the pricing of housing and mortgage services across first-time and repeat homebuyers. A logit model is used to test a number of variables for significant differences across first-time buyers and repeat buyers for a sample of brokered real estate sales. The results show that the housing market is somewhat less than completely efficient in providing its services. The logit results for the adjustable-rate mortgage segment show that first-time homebuyers are more likely to be associated with a higher sale price per square foot and higher discount points than repeat buyers. The results show that first-time homebuyers tend to be younger and have less household income than repeat homebuyers. For the full sample of data, the results show that higher sale price/square foot ratios and lower downpayment/sale price ratios are more likely to be associated with first-time homebuyers.For the fixed-rate mortgage segment of the data, the only distinguishing variables are down-payment/sale...

This research applies neural network (NN) technology to real estate appraisal and compares the performance of two NN models in estimating the sales price of residential properties with a traditiona...