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Alopecia areata is a form of inflammatory hair loss that has been known for a long time, but its cause is largely unexplored. It is characterized by the patient's hair falling out in a circular pattern, which is why this disease is also called circular hair loss. This occurs in 80% of cases in the head area but can also affect the beard in men and in exceptional cases the entire body hair.

We describe the case of a familial situation of Alice in Wonderland seizures in a 39 years-old mother and a 14-year-old son from Southampton, United Kingdom.To date, there are only few reports supporting the thesis, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome could be hereditary. Next-generation sequencing could help to clear the genetics in AIWS.

AIWS is a disorientating form of seizures that affect in peculiar visual perception. AIWS is a neurological form of seizures that can affect the brain, especially the temporoparietal junction and visual pathways leading to impaired and bizarre visual perceptions. The origin of AIWS is yet not known exactly. Cases of migraines, brain tumors, depression episodes, epilepsy, delirium, psychotropic drugs, ischemic stroke, EBV, mycoplasma and malaria infections correlate like seizures with AIWS are published before.

A video conference enables real-time exchange between two or more participants at different locations via audio and video communication. In terms of the visualization of the discussion partners, a videoconference thus differs from a classic telephone conference and expands it to include the visual component. The term videoconferencing system refers to the technological setup or infrastructure behind such a videoconference, the videoconferencing technology. This refers to the hardware and software components that are required to carry out a videoconference technically.

A drug used successfully in veterinary medicine to treat mast cell tumors in dogs may be effective against COVID-19 and some other viral diseases in humans, according to laboratory experiments and preclinical studies published in Science 2021 [1]. Coronaviruses also require such enzymes. After entering the cells, their genome is first converted into 2 polyproteins, which must be broken down into smaller units. This task is performed by 2 proteases. This is once the main protease 3CL (also called Mpro or nsp5). The 2nd enzyme is the "papain-like" protease, abbreviated PLpro. Drugs that block one of these enzymes could prevent the viruses from replicating in the cells and thus stop the progression of the infection.

In a science fiction author of the years in 1930 a description was made of a transparent sphere that envelops the researcher who could walk through the jungle so sheltered. This ball was made of rubber material in this old novel. Another ball was present in 1986´s film “Apocalypse Snow”.

The relevance of inexpensive but at the same time highly effective medicines is steadily increasing in today's society. It is, therefore, no wonder that medicinal honey, whose antibacterial effect was already known in Ancient Egypt, is becoming increasingly popular . The active principles of medicinal honey have been largely deciphered today: The most important component of honey promoting the healing process is considered to be the enzyme glucosidase.

Sternoclavicular joint cysts are extremely rare in children. We report the 6th case of a ganglion of the sternoclavicular joint in a child, which was diagnosed by ultrasonography.

Lymphangiomas are benign lesions of vascular origin that show lymphatic differentiation. They occur in many anatomic locations. Complete resection is difficult in some cases and recurrences are common. A pediatric chart review was carried out in 16 cases. The authors summarized their experience of abdominal lymphangiomas in children.

We report of a young African child with a giant retinoblastoma originating from the left orbital space. The mother and the child left Cameroon seeking medical support at the Department of Pediatrics. To date of arrival, the extensive tumor was exulcerating and not curable. Only palliative support was possible.

Through his analytical powers of observation, the Japanese physician Kawasaki became aware of a rare childhood disease that his colleagues mistook for scarlet fever. Even more than five decades later, there is only conjecture as to the cause, despite intensive research. Kawasaki syndrome even made it into the American blockbuster medical series Dr. House. For the Japanese pediatrician Tomisaku Kawasaki, who was regarded as very modest, it must have come as a great surprise when his name became established in medical circles worldwide at the end of the 1970s as the term for the acute inflammatory disease of the blood vessels in young children that he discovered

The condition of a wandering spleen is described as the untypical movement of the spleen to an ectopic abdominal or pelvic point. It is the result of weakened ligaments in the peritoneum. There is a wide range of findings. A classification of wandering spleen does not exist. This study makes recommendations concerning a new classification for wandering spleen.

Virtual reality (VR) is the term used to describe representation and perception in a computer-generated, virtual environment. The term was coined by author Damien Broderick in his 1982 novel “The Judas Mandala". The term "Mixed Reality" describes the mixing of virtual reality with pure reality. The term "hyper-reality" is also used. Immersion plays a major role here. Immersion describes the embedding of the user in the virtual world. A virtual world is considered plausible if the interaction is logical in itself. This interactivity creates the illusion that what seems to be happening is actually happening. A common problem with VR is "motion sickness." To create a sense of immersion, special output devices are needed to display virtual worlds. Here, "head-mounted displays", CAVE and shutter glasses are mainly used. Input devices are needed for interaction: 3D mouse, data glove, flystick as well as the omnidirectional treadmill, with which walking in virtual space is controlled by real walking movements, play a role here.

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are benign forms of endothelial proliferation in the first 8 weeks of life. Leaute-Labreze et al. published the first spontaneous cases of IH treated with beta blockers in 2008 due to their cardiac disease in the New England Journal of Medicine. This was a revolutionary new understanding of treatment in infantile hemangioma (IH). Not only systemic but also topical beta blockers seem to be an effective treatment option for small infantile hemangioma. Efficacy and safety of topical beta blockers in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) were proved in systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

Kawasaki syndrome or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) is an acute, febrile, systemic illness characterized by inflammation (necrotizing vasculitis) of the small and medium-sized arteries. In addition, systemic inflammation is present in many organs. The cause is unknown; an infectious origin is suspected, favored by a hereditary basis.

The phenomenon of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is not considered a disease in its own right but usually occurs as an accompanying symptom of a migraine attack or as a precursor of an epileptic seizure in the form of an aura with pronounced visual perceptual disturbances [1]. However, an Alice in Wonderland syndrome can also be caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, influenza virus [18], drugs [3] or encephalitis [2]. The term "Alice in Wonderland syndrome" was named after the children's book Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll and coined by John Todd as a possible, but not essential, concomitant of migraine and epilepsy [1]. Carroll suffered from migraines himself; it is believed that his experiences with the condition served as inspiration for the hallucination-like effects described in his work [1]. In addition, Carroll's narrative has been discussed as a description of a trip following consumption of mind-altering drugs. In one of the most famous sequences in the book, Alice changes size by biting off pieces from different sides of a mushroom. However, there is no evidence of drug use by Lewis Carroll. Alice in Wonderland syndrome results in changes in the perception of one's surroundings [6,7]. These changes include both micropsia and macropsia (everything appears reduced or enlarged), as well as altered auditory perception, altered tactile perception, an altered sense of time. The syndrome is particularly common in children. Attacks are often shorter and may also be completely painless, although accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound is more pronounced. Neurological deficits may occur so that the affected child begins to hallucinate. He or she perceives his or her body as larger or smaller and/or begins to see "fantastic images“. The changes in perception can severely affect affected individuals, causing them to become disoriented and "unable to find their way around." In extreme cases, falls and other accidents may occur. The perceptual disturbances can lead to Alice in Wonderland syndrome being confused with other mental disorders or misinterpreted as "craziness". The primary focus is the treatment of the underlying condition, such as symptomatic treatment of migraine. Recent publications shed light on sexual abuse in childhood as the origin of AIWS-like visual disturbances [4,5].

Omphalocele is one of the congenital abdominal wall defects and specifically refers to an umbilical ring defect in which the abdominal organs protrude in front of the abdominal wall in a thin sac or membrane. Such an abdominal wall defect develops around the third week of pregnancy due to the failure of adhesion between the embryonic lateral abdominal wall components.

SARS-CoV-2 has kept the world on tenterhooks for half a year. In this short time, millions of data and clinical findings have been collected, the amount of which astonishes even the scientific community. But the majority of them concern adult patients. Knowledge about the clinical course, complications and therapy of COVID-19 in children and adolescents, on the other hand, has been limited to date [2]. And the data that have been collected internationally illustrate once again that "children are not small adults." This is because the incidence of infection in this age group appears to differ, in some cases markedly, from that of elderly and senior patients.

Social robotics is a subfield of robotics in which intensive research has been going on for 20 years now. Until now, we have known robots that are used in mechanics to relieve humans of work. What distinguishes social robots from these is that they are capable of establishing relationships with people and can adhere to social rules. This is why we often speak of "emotional and social robotics".

In Japan, new developments in the field of robotics are being received with interest and enthusiasm by the population and used in everyday life. This can be explained on the one hand by a long tradition of stories that report positively on artificial servants for humans. These stories continue into modern manga comics. Robots take on positive roles, expanding the capabilities of humans and being of service to them. On the other hand, Japanese religions and philosophies such as Buddhism and Shintoism influence attitudes towards robots.

In the near future, robots will be found more and more frequently in the lives of everyday users. This is very clearly illustrated by the example of household and care robots, which will increasingly assume the role of roommate and companion in view of an aging society.

It was an ordinary day in Aberfan, Wales, and it ended in a disaster. On October 21, 1966, a 34-meter-high slag heap broke loose, slid down Mount Merthyr into the mining village and buried houses and an elementary school there. The result: 144 people died, 116 of them children. October 21, 1966 was a gloomy day in Aberfan, South Wales. It had been raining incessantly for days. But the children in the mining village were happy: they were looking forward to the autumn vacations. This was their last day at school. But then disaster struck.

The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has spread worldwide from China. The metropolis of Wuhan in Hubei province was the center of the outbreak. The associated disease is called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread very efficiently from person to person in the short time since it was first detected in December 2019, particularly through droplet infection, but also through aerosol infection. Coronaviruses (CoVs) can cause human illnesses ranging from mild colds to more severe illnesses such as Middle East Respirator Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

Since Langdon-Down in 1909 paid special attention to the special formation among the flexion furrows of the human hand, generally known as Affenfurche or Vierfingerfurche, in connection with the clinical picture of mongoloid idiocy, investigators have dealt with this subject again and again and from the most different points of view. Anthropologists were interested in the occurrence of this furrow form in humans and apes from a phylogenetic point of view.

COVID-19 is a severe coronavirus disease spreading all over the world. To date of this publication, 2.501.156 people were infected with COVID-19, and 171.810 deaths were found in 185 countries (John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, date 21 april 2020). This overwhelming death rate makes intensive research activities necessary all over the world. To date, the US will be slayed by the number of deaths per day, suggesting an uncontrollable state of spreading infection. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin II receptor on various tissues in the human body, especially in the oral cavity and tongue. SARS-CoV-2 requires the cheerful TMPRSS2 to pro-activate for this sluggishness. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor as an access portal to the lungs [1]. The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds with the top protein to the ACE2 receptor [1].

The enzymes trypsin, furine and other proprotein convertases, cathepsin, transmembrane proteases (TMPRSS) and elastases play a role in the cell entry of coronaviruses (Coronaviridae). The proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS11a, which are abundant in the respiratory tract and expressed on cell surfaces, promote the entry of SARS-CoV-1 viruses. For the TMPRSS protease TMPRSS11d - also known as human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT) - a proteolytic activation of the S- protein of SARS-CoV-1 was demonstrated. TMPRSS2, in turn, complexes with the ACE2 receptor, which allows efficient penetration of the virus directly at the cell surface. TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS11D activate the S protein by cleaving it into the S1 and S2 subunits, thus allowing endosome-independent cell entry at the cell membrane. Virus-based therapies include monoclonal antibodies, antiviral peptides that dock to the S protein of viruses, viral nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors and inhibitors for docking to other viral structures and accessory proteins.

COVID-19 shows an extremely rapid spreading pattern, classified as SARS-CoV-2, has become a worldwide health problem. Relating to biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the new viral agent was comprehensively summarized in order to optimize the date research on this novel disease and make adequate therapeutic decisions. The structure of COVID-19 virus is partially similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and to date, the origin is not clearly ruled out in detail. COVID-19 in general shows, without any adequate measurement, an exponential reproductive rate, an incubation of nearly 14 days. The clinical appearance and the pandemic spread of COVID-19 were very similar to earlier SARS epidemics. The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally referred to as novel coronavirus 2019 or 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) in China in late 2019, has induced a global spreading and is a worldwide public health problem. At the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization described COVID-19 as the sixth international public health emergency. SARS-CoV-2 is similar to severe corona viruses similar to acute respiratory syndrome of bat origin, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. The transmission is based on by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact or stool, whereas the infection seems to have an incubation period of up to 14 days and a reproduction rate of 2.24-3.58. In patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia, fever was the prominent symptom in these patients followed by cough. Currently, stopping the rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention in health care management. However, health authorities should continue to monitor the situation closely.

Since the outbreak near a fish market in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, researchers have been searching for an effective therapy to control the spreading of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit COVID-19 infection. Many countries like Italy, Spain, and the USA were ambushed by this viral agent. To date, more than 2.5 million people were infected with SARS-CoV-2. There is no clear answer, why SARS-CoV-2 infects so many people so fast. To date of April 2020, no effective drug has been found to treat this new severe viral infection. There are many therapy options under review and clinical trials were initiated to get clearer information, what kind of drug can help in this devastating and serious situation. The world has no time.

COVID-19 the world is shocked. Globally, 896450 confirmed cases and 45525 deaths (WHO, situation report 73, 2 April 2020) reveal that a viral agent is spreading in an exponential way all around the world with to date unknown killing potential. What we know, the virus came from Wuhan, China, with a rapid spreading the world never had seen before

According to the latest research, the novel coronavirus uses the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as a receptor for docking to the host cell. Essential for entry is the priming of the spike (S) protein of the virus by host cell proteases. A broadly based team led by infection biologists from the German Primate Centre and with the participation of the Charité Hospital in Berlin, the Hanover Veterinary University Foundation, the BG-UnfallklinikMurnau, the LMU Munich, the Robert Koch Institute and the German Centre for Infection Research wanted to find out how SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells and how this process can be blocked [1]. They have published their findings in the journal "Cell" [1]. The team of scientists was initially able to confirm that SARS-CoV-2 docks to the host cell via the ACE-2 receptor. They also identified Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) as the cellular protein responsible for entry into the cell [1-3].

In early December 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown origin occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Most of these patients reported that they had come into contact with many species of live animals in the Huanan seafood wholesale market. In China, the disease has spread rapidly domestically and in other parts of the country