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Background: Pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may be indicated by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), serving as an inflammatory biomarker. However, the general dietary predictors of Lp-PLA2 have not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and dietary patterns in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and Methods: Dietary patterns extracted using factor analysis and serum levels of Lp-PAL2 in 470 adults aged 40–70 years who participated in the 5th phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2011–2014) were determined. Associations between the dietary patterns and serum levels of Lp-PAL2 considering some confounder factors were evaluated. Results: The results showed that Western and semi-Mediterranean dietary patterns had significant effects on changes in Lp-PLA2 levels in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for age, sex, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index and physical activity, energy intake, hormone therapy for women, and taking blood lipid-lowering drugs as potential confounders, the Western dietary pattern remained a significant factor influencing the Lp-PLA2 level (β value: 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.89; P < 0.05). Moreover, after adjustment for the mentioned confounder factors, the effect of the semi-Mediterranean dietary pattern on Lp-PLA2 disappeared. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Western dietary pattern is associated with higher Lp-PLA2 levels. We recommend that adults eat less carbonated drinks, fast foods, salty snacks, mayonnaise, and organ meat to counteract increased serum Lp-PLA2 levels, which are directly associated with vascular inflammation and CVDs.

Background: Elevated blood pressure is still one of the major risk factors for diseases and disabilities and also a public health challenge worldwide. In the present longitudinal study, we aimed to evaluate the association between risk of hypertension and dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as a recently discussed potential risk factor. Materials and Methods: Dietary assessment of 1775 participants in the third phase of Tehran lipid and glucose study to obtain dietary intake of AGEs was performed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and they were followed up for a mean duration of approximately 6 years. To determine the incidence of hypertension across quartiles of AGEs intake, logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding variables were used. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Higher hypertension occurrence risk was generally attributed to higher AGEs intake quartiles after adjusting for age in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–1.52, P = 0.038) and additional adjustment for smoking, drugs, and physical activity in women (OR = 1.38%–95% CI = 1.09–1.42, P = 0.042). Moreover, across the increasing trend of dietary AGEs intake, the percentage of fat intake increased and that of carbohydrate significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, it is highly recommended to limit dietary AGEs consumption to prevent and manage hypertension and its complications.