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Typhoon-induced P-wave microseisms can be observed using seismological arrays and analyzed for the seismic monitoring of ocean storms. This paper presents a frequency-domain beamforming (FB) method that integrates a three-dimensional (3-D) Earth model to better capture the heterogeneities in the subsurface structure, and therefore yield more accurate ray-tracing and travel-time predictions. This method is applied to the Super Typhoon Lupit (2009) using seismological array observations from the Northeast China Extended Seismic Array (NECESSArray) and high-sensitivity seismograph network in Japan (Hi-net). The results show that the localized P-wave microseism source regions based on the 3-D model are in better agreement with the theoretical source regions and typhoon centers than those based on a conventional one-dimensional (1-D) model. The significance of using a 3-D model instead of a 1-D model in the FB method is further investigated by comparing the consistency of the localization results for the two different arrays, with the localized source regions being more mutually concordant when using the 3-D model. The results demonstrate that integrating the 3-D model into the FB method improves the accuracy of locating the typhoon-induced P-wave microseism source regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between prosody and perceived affect involves multiple variables. This paper explores the interplay of three: voice quality, f 0 contour, and the hearer's language background. Perception tests were conducted with speakers of Irish English, Russian, Spanish, and Japanese using three types of synthetic stimuli: (1) stimuli varied in voice quality, (2) stimuli of uniform (modal) voice quality incorporating affect-related f 0 contours, and (3) stimuli combining specific non-modal voice qualities with the affect-related f 0 contours of (2). The participants rated the stimuli for the presence/strength of affective colouring on six bipolar scales, e.g., happy-sad . The results suggest that stimuli incorporating non-modal voice qualities, with or without f 0 variation, are generally more effective in affect cueing than stimuli varying only in f 0 . Along with similarities in the affective responses across these languages, many points of divergence were found, both in terms of the range and strength of affective responses overall and in terms of specific stimulus-to-affect associations. The f 0 contour may play a more important role, and tense voice a lesser role in affect signalling in Japanese and Spanish than in Irish English and Russian. The greatest cross-language differences emerged for the affects intimate, formal , stressed , and relaxed.