1. Catalytic Dehydrogenative C-C Coupling by a Pincer-Ligated Iridium Complex.
- Author
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Wilklow-Marnell, Miles, Bo Li, Tian Zhou, Krogh-Jespersen, Karsten, Brennessel, William W., Emge, Thomas J., Goldman, Alan S., and Jones, William D.
- Subjects
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COUPLING reactions (Chemistry) , *CATALYTIC dehydrogenation , *IRIDIUM compounds , *IRIDIUM catalysts , *DISPROPORTIONATION (Chemistry) - Abstract
The pincer-iridium fragment (iPrPCP)Ir (RPCP = ?³-2,6-C6H3 (CH2PR2)2) has been found to catalyze the dehydrogenative coupling of vinyl arenes to afford predominantly (E,E)-1,4-diaryl-1,3- butadienes. The eliminated hydrogen can undergo addition to another molecule of vinyl arene, resulting in an overall disproportionation reaction with 1 equiv of ethyl arene formed for each equivalent of diarylbutadiene produced. Alternatively, sacrificial hydrogen acceptors (e.g., tert-butylethylene) can be added to the solution for this purpose. Diarylbutadienes are isolated in moderate to good yields, up to ca. 90% based on the disproportionation reaction. The results of DFT calculations and experiments with substituted styrenes indicate that the coupling proceeds via double C-H addition of a styrene molecule, at β-vinyl and ortho-aryl positions, to give an iridium(III) metalloindene intermediate; this intermediate then adds a β-vinyl C-H bond of a second styrene molecule before reductively eliminating product. Several metalloindene complexes have been isolated and crystallographically characterized. In accord with the proposed mechanism, substitution at the ortho-aryl positions of the styrene precludes dehydrogenative homocoupling. In the case of 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, dehydrogenative coupling of β-vinyl and ortho-methyl C-H bonds affords dimethylindene, demonstrating that the dehydrogenative coupling is not limited to C(sp²)-H bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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