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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2006.08.017 Byline: Sharon L. Hoerr, Mildred A. Horodynski, Seung-Yeon Lee, Michelle Henry Abstract: To predict the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) scores of mothers and toddlers from intakes of fruits, vegetables, and dairy group foods and being seated during mealtimes.

This study determined whether psychosocial, weight satisfaction, and dietary pattern variables discriminate between the Stages of Change for fruit and vegetable intakes among young men and women. A random sample of 18 to 24 year-olds, from 10 states returned 1438 surveys. Discriminant analyses for fruit intake conveyed that between precontemplation and contemplation/preparation, pro-scores and sell-efficacy predicted the men's but not women's stages. Between contemplation/preparation and action/maintenance, self-efficacy and breakfast consumption best predicted stage for women, whereas men were discriminated only by self-efficacy. Discriminant analyses for vegetable intake were similar by gender. Precontemplation and contemplation/preparation were discriminated by pro-score and staging into contemplation/preparation versus action/maintenance was best predicted by self-efficacy and weight satisfaction. Young men and women are at different places in the Stages of Change process and few are meeting the vegetable guidelines. Dietary interventions can be most effective if specifically tailored to food group, stage, and gender., Young adults are at risk for developing chronic diseases because their diets are low in fruits and vegetables (1-4). Their dietary patterns, often influenced by breakfast skipping, fast food consumption, [...]

Objectives Health-related characteristics and habits and food choices of young adults were compared for three groups: college students, college graduates, and nonstudents. Design Subjects completed a mailed survey that included questions about demographics, attitudes, and behaviors and a food frequency questionnaire. Main outcome measures were health-related characteristics and habits and food choices. Subjects Female (n=758) and male (n=580) 18- to 24-year-olds in nine states who were selected randomly by zip code in each state. The response rate averaged 43% for all states. Statistical analyses performed Analysis of variance or [Χ.sup.2] tests were applied to health-related personal characteristic variables and the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was applied to food consumption variables for women and men separately. Results According to self-reported heights and weights, female nonstudents were more often overweight than female students or graduates. Nonstudents of both genders reported smoking more often than students or graduates. College students and graduates ate more gram foods high in dietary fiber, more fruits and dark-green vegetables, and more lower-fat milk and meats than nonstudents. Conclusions/applications Nonstudents were at greater health risk for some chronic illnesses, because of poorer health habits and food choices, than were college students and graduates. The behavior of nonstudents implies weaker response to messages promoting weight control, smoking cessation, and observance of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans than behavior exhibited by students or college graduates. Health promotion efforts could be enhanced by identifying demographic, educational, situational, and formative influences on positive health and dietary behaviors of young adults., Today's young adults are the first generation to have grown up with the benefit of the current dietary recommendations to reduce fat intake and increase complex carbohydrate and fiber intake [...]

Objectives To evaluate the usefulness of the Food Guide Pyramid as a quantitative tool for assessing nutritional adequacy and quality. Design One-day food records (n = 2,489) were assigned food group scores (1 through 5) by two systems. System 1 recorded the number of food groups on a given record that included the minimum number of servings suggested by the Food Guide Pyramid. System 2 recorded the number of food groups in the Food Guide Pyramid for which at least one serving was included. The food records were further evaluated by mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B-6 (MAR-5 score) and percentage of energy contributed by fat and sugar. Sensitivity and specificity of the food group scores to predict nutritional inadequacy were determined. Subjects College students (n = 2,489) attending introductory nutrition, foods, and health-related courses at a midwestern university. Statistical analyses Student's t test, [Χ.sup.2] test, Dunnett's multiple mean comparison test. Results A food group score of 5 was given to 11% and 35% of the diet records by systems 1 and 2, respectively; MAR-5 scores of 75 or greater were given to 70% of the records. Only 4% of the diets contained both 30% or less and 10% or less of energy from fat and sugar, respectively. Both scoring systems can be used as a quantitative tool for screening nutritional inadequacy with high sensitivity (correctly classifying nutritionally inadequate diets) but with a moderate to low specificity (correctly classifying nutritionally adequate diets). J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96:453-457., The Food Guide Pyramid was developed to assist healthy Americans make food choices for total diets to maintain good health (1). Both nutritional adequacy and overnutrition are addressed in relation [...]

Objective To examine the relationship of total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate and energy intake, leisure-time activity, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index to the prevalence of atherogenic plasma triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in Asian Indians living in the United States. High plasma TG and low HDL-C levels have been documented in Asian Indians worldwide. Design This exploratory study examined medical history, demographics, anthropometrics, plasma lipids levels, food intake frequency, and self-reported leisure-time activity. Subjects 153 Asian Indian male physicians (mean age=47 years) were recruited at two annual national conferences of the American Association of Physicians from India, with free medical assessments as incentives. Statistical analyses performed Correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results Subjects' diets averaged 56% energy from carbohydrate, 32% from total fat, and 8% from saturated fat. High total fat intake was associated with high WHR (r=.21, P, Asian Indians are the fastest growing group of immigrants in the United States according to the 1990 census report (1). At present, the population of India exceeds 886 million people, [...]

The importance of nutrition education for students has been identified in several publications: Healthy People 2000 (1), Healthy Children 2000 (2), The Strategic Plan for Nutrition Education: Promoting Healthy Eating [...]

There is little agreement among researchers about the specific factors involved in the high recidivism rate in weight loss. Initial weight, past dieting history, personality, locus of control, and social [...]

Both the lay media and the scientific literature are replete with the latest claims and findings concerning obesity, weight loss, and health. The commercial weight loss industry offers myriad "quick" […]

Desirable weights were determined for 26 black and white, postmenarchal girls (11 to 15 years old) with juvenile-onset obesity. Each subject was measured for height weight, triceps and subscapular fatfolds, and body density by underwater weighing (UWW). Body mass indexes and desirable weights were determined by UWW, from the US National Health Examination Survey (NHES) data, and from the Slaughter fatfold equation to estimate body fat. Desirable weights obtained from NHES growth charts were consistently lower than those obtained from UWW, especially for blacks (P, Concern for body weight in adolescence is reflected by the prevalence of poor body image, dieting for weight loss, and poor diet choices among obese adolescent girls (1-3). Adolescents diet [...]

It has been reported that about 80% of young women and 30% of young men in this country are dieters (1). Furthermore, young people who diet are more. likely to [...]

Thinness has become a symbol for beauty, acceptance, and competence for women in Western society, and pressure to diet because of this unrealistic standard is one factor responsible for the […]

The association between diet and five of the ten leading causes of death in American adults (coronary heart disease, some types of cancer, stroke, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitis) has been [...]

Success in obesity intervention continues to be defined and measured by the amount of weight lost during a relatively short, predetermined period. This approach is scientifically invalid, inappropriate from a [...]