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This study aims at studying the benefits and cost of e-health. In order to find an answer to the questions of the study, asocial survey method is used by researcher, the data of the study are collected according to some methodological Techniques represented in an Interviewing Schedule The findings 0f study show that the degree of awareness of e-health is medium, it also revealed that the degree of using e-health is medium, the study proved also that the cost of e-health is medium, While the study found a low degree of trust in e-health, the study ended with revealing the preference of health service recipients for paper transactions and the resistance of technology to obtain health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper which is titled “Effect of Changing Values of Scales and Currencies on Commercial Ships Taxes in Egypt during the 1st Persian Era (525-404 B.C.)” tackles interest of the Persians in marine commerce. In addition, this paper scrutinizes the taxes imposed on exporting and importing as well as tackling influence practiced on such taxes by the change of scales and currencies that were widespread in the region of Far ancient near East not only Egypt. The current study has found out that the Persian Government in Egypt imposed multiplied tax on Ionian commercial ships because of several political and economic factors which were not sufficiently mentioned or analysed in its sources. Additionally, the Persian Government distinguished the Phoenician commercial ships and made them distinctive by a type of tax lowering. This coped with the numerous exemptions granted by the Persian Empire for inhabitants of this region. Throughout this research paper, it has been found out that the increasing taxes of ships during this period were based on the additional tax on the constant tenth of its value. Accordingly, this additional tax had come to be an extra burden on owners of such ships. On the other hand, such ships were also regarded as a source for bringing precious metals particularly silver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart libraries (SL) are a novel type of libraries where the use of gadgets, services and Internet by experts contributes to qualitative transformations that bear on the interaction of users with information specialists thus securing better service. The organization of SL depends on the soft infrastructure while taking into account the users’ needs. The role of information specialist has been transformed from mere maintaining SL collections and making them available to users to employing technology in all the processes of keeping, organizing, managing, disseminating information and knowledge and handling SL. This transformation gave prominence to information specialists .This paper discusses the process of grooming and training competent information specialists in order to be able to manage work and innovation in SLs with a view to empower performance improvement in the final analysis. The paper uses the analytical descriptive method coupled with a questionnaire and holding personal interviews with 250 of Information specialists from some university libraries to impart the empirical dimension. The paper comes with a conclusion that there is a potential for SLs, in its modern concept, including the qualified information specialist, to contribute in advancing information and knowledge sharing among information specialists thus enabling them acquire best practices& expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the role of elites in strengthening the relations of cooperation between Kuwait and Qatar in the pre-independence phase, which coincided with the rule of Sheikh Ahmed Al-Jaber Mubarak Al-Sabah (1885-1950) in Kuwait, and Sheikh Abdullah bin Jasim Al Thani in Qatar (1880-1957). ), through the study of a set of British correspondence and reports during the Second World War available on the Qatar Digital Library website, in addition to another set of unpublished commercial papers of one of the Qatari families, which were donated to the Qatar National Library. The study argued that food shortages and the food policies pursued by the British at the time of World War II had caused the building of trade alliances between the two emirates. On a larger scale, this study explored the nature of the relations between the merchants of Kuwait and Qatar and how they worked and merged with each other legally and illegally during the Second World War, this helps in drawing a picture of the societies of the Arab Gulf merchants in the pre-oil period. Also, this study is an addition to the history of the Arab Gulf region in the period of the first world economy (1815-1948), when capitalism developed, and the British Empire dominated. The study concluded that during the war period, Kuwaiti merchants played a crucial role in revitalizing Qatar’s economy during this period, and participated in the trade of smuggling supplies, and in creating what they are called “war riches.” Also, the study proved the importance of Kuwait in the Gulf economy during the so-called economy of the first globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to explore the relationship between attachment patterns and selective mutism disorder. It identifies differences between males and females in attachment patterns and selective mutism disorder and highlights the predictability of attachment patterns of selective mutism disorder. The sample covered From parents (48) childrens selected from Four primary schools in Qena, with high scores on the developed selective mutism disorder scale (developed by researcer) and It was also applied to them the attachment patterns scale developed by (Kawthar Alsahlout, 2016), Scale were applied to parents of children. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the avoidant attachment pattern and selective mutism disorder. Still, there was a statistically significant negative relationship between the secure attachment pattern and selective mutism disorder. In contrast, there was no statistically significant relationship between the resistant attachment pattern and selective mutism disorder. There were statistically significant differences between males and females in the total score of selective mutism disorder and its two domains (home speaking and social contexts speaking) in favor of the females. Still, the school speaking domain showed no differences. There were no differences in the (secure- avoidant- resistant) attachment patterns, but there were statistically significant differences between males and females in the disorganized attachment pattern in favor of the females. The results illustrated the predictability of attachment patterns (secure, disorganized, and avoidant) of selective mutism disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]