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The thermal behavior of copper(II) 4-nitroimidazolate (CuNI) under static and dynamic states are studied by means of high-pressure DSC (PDSC) and TG with the different heating rates and the combination technique of in situ thermolysis cell with rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (thermolysis/RSFTIR). The results show that the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the major exothermic decomposition reaction of CuNI obtained by Kissinger’s method are 233.2 kJ mol−1 and 1017.95 s−1, respectively. The critical temperature of the thermal explosion and the adiabatic time-to-explosion of CuNI are 601.97 K and 4.4∼4.6 s, respectively. The decomposition of CuNI begins with the split of the C-NO2 and C-H bonds, and the decomposition process of CuNI under dynamic states occurs less readily than those under static states because the dynamic nitrogen removes the strong oxidative decomposition product (NO2). The above-mentioned information on thermal behavior is quite useful for analyzing and evaluating the stability and thermal charge rule of CuNI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]