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Energy consumption in buildings is a major contributor to India's greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for a significant portion of the country's environmental impact. Consequently, there is a crucial need to prioritize energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technologies supported by solar thermal collectors to minimize the environmental consequences associated with building energy consumption. In this investigation, a flat-plate collector thermal performance is enhanced by the adaptations of 0.1 volume percentage concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), nickel (Ni), and combinations of Al2O3–Ni nanoparticles dispersed in water as hybrid nanofluid at 0.028, 0.041, 0.055, and 0.068 kgs−1 flow rates. Influences of nanofluid and flow rate conditions on thermal and exergy efficiency, heat transfer coefficient, entropy generation, and coefficient of performance of FPC are experimentally analyzed and spot that the hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3/Ni/water) own higher thermal and exergy efficiency of 72.8% and 22.9%, better heat transfer coefficient of 133.2 Wm−2 K−1, and high COP of 7.9 under high flow rate. These output results are higher than those of the water-fluid-operated FPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era, various engineering applications utilize renewable solar energy, and recent prospects aim to enhance solar thermal collector efficiency through nanotechnology found to enhance solar performance. While using the parabolic trough collector, it found excellent solar conversion efficiency and attained the maximum temperature of the working fluid. Besides the intermittency due to weather conditions, the output performance will be reduced. This study aims to enhance the performance of parabolic trough solar collector by implementing magnesium oxide (MgO) coating over the tubes as 30, 20, and 10 µm particles blended with industrial black matt paint to prepare MgO-enhanced coating through the spray pyrolysis process for varying the nanoparticle size with constant thickness coating in the thermal performance of parabolic trough solar collector (PTC). The findings of this research demonstrate that particles with coating material significantly affect the thermal performance of PTC compared with non-coating. The 10 µm MgO coating featured solar collector exploited maximum heat transfer fluid temperature (81.2 °C), increased heat absorption behaviour (662.5 W), optimum thermal and exergy efficiency values of 78.9 and 69.5%, respectively, which is the optimum value rather than all others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]