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The cities of San Diego and Tijuana have long been economically interdependent. Today, each represents the bifurcated character of the new economy wherein low wage labor in Mexico is used to underwrite the quality of life for the middle class in the United States. This article traces the political origin of this economic structure. Instead of a top-down orchestration of neoliberal governance, the contours of the New Economy were formed through a process of contestation: a battle between international capital and its demands for profit and San Diego's white middle class homeowners dedicated to maintaining their quality of life by resisting border integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the interaction of knowledge transfer and urbanization in the emerging cities of East and Central Europe 1880-1945. Doing so, the article is arguing that in the East European borderlands, this interaction can be understood as reception and creative development of impulses transformed by local socioeconomic and cultural factors, such as multiethnicity, multiconfessionalisation, and nationalizing processes, which are specific for these regions. Due to this, the article offers the concept of “emerging cities” on the specific model of urbanization with a focus on knowledge transfer and circulation in this historical and geographical region beyond the center–periphery scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]