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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Because CBZ-resistant CRPC has an extremely poor prognosis, establishment of a novel treatment for CBZ-resistant CRPC is greatly needed. The aim of this study was to expl...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is most commonly diagnosed by detecting an asymptomatic prostate specific antigen (PSA) increase. PSA monito...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Cabazitaxel (CBZ) has been identified as the most effective cytotoxic agent for improving survival in men with docetaxel-refractory castration-resistant prostate cancer (...

INTRODUCTIONAND OBJECTIVE: The relationship between malignant neoplasms and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been emerging. Yet, little is known about cancerous lncRNA profiles due to lack of appr...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is the gold standard treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the phenotypic hal...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) is a valuable treatment option for clinically localized prostate cancer . However, RALP for larger prostates is a...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:AXL is the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases targeted by a new approved Cabozantinib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A growing body of evidence suggests a relationsh...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Liposarcoma is one of the most common subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma. The tumor often develops in the lower extremities and the retroperitoneal or paratesticular region....

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Although Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) has introduced for additional diagnostic modality for bladder cancer (Bca) patients, the diagnostic accuracy ...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:The number of chronic renal failure has been rapidly growing. Further, not only in advanced nations, the number of dialysis patients continues to increase explosively eve...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:We conducted a retrospective study to examine whether a history of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) plays a prognostic role in radical cystectomy (RC)-treated ...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that secretes catecholamines and mainly originates in the adrenal grand. Surgical resection is the only curative therapy ...

Purpose: Although smoking status has a significant association with clinical features in patients with bladder cancer, there are few reports of the impact of smoking on the clinical outcome of upper tract urothelial cancer. We investigated the possible influence of smoking status on bladder tumor recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy.Materials and Methods: We identified a study population of 245 consecutive patients treated surgically for upper tract urothelial cancer at our 3 institutions between 1994 and 2010. We analyzed associations between subsequent bladder tumor recurrence and patient clinicopathological parameters, including smoking status.Results: The 3-year bladder tumor recurrence-free survival rate was 32.6% in current smokers, 37.6% in former smokers and 61.7% in nonsmokers. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.15–3.16, p = 0.013) and smoking status (former vs none HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.07–2.93, p = 0.027 and current vs none HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03–2.42, p = 0.035...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, we isolated a novel angiogenic molecule, vasohibin-2 (VASH2) which is an intrinsic factor specifically expressed in activated vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Previous studies found that the expression of VASH2 was restricted to ECs and tumor cells. Although VASH2 promoting the angiogenesis in several cancers have been investigated, it has not been fully characterized yet that the VASH2 reflects the activity of tumor and the predictor of progression in prostate cancer (Pca). The aim of this study was to address the role of VASH2 expression and the treatment by targeting VASH2 in Pca. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of patients with localized Pca performed radical prostatectomy and immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of VASH2. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of VASH2 in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVEC) and Pca cell lines. The cell viability of these cells treated with anti-VASH2 antibody (V2-Ab) was determined by using the WST-1 assay. DU145 was injected subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice and then V2-Ab was injected intraperitoneally in mice. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 5.6 years. The expression of VASH2 was observed to ECs of microvessels in the tumor stroma and Pca cells. The density of VASH2 positive vessels were significantly associated with Gleason score and pathological T stage (p

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There is an ongoing debate around the factors that influence intravesical recurrence (IVR) after radical nephrouretectomy (RNU) to treat upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Thus, we aimed to assess the significant predictors of IVR after RNU from a systematic review of the literature and metaanalysis. METHODS: A computerized bibliographic search of the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed for all reports that included detailed results of multivariate analyses on the predictors of IVR. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we selected 18 retrospective studies that each included more than 100 patients treated exclusively with RNU between 2007 and 2014. Cumulative analyses of available hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were conducted using R software to assess potential predictors of IVR. RESULTS: Among the 8275 included patients, 2402 (29.0%) were diagnosed with IVR within a median time of 22.2 months (range: 6.7e56.5). Patient-specific predictors were as follows: male gender (HR1⁄41.37; p

Jay D. Raman*, Carla Caruso, Zhaohai Yang, David DeGraff, Hershey, PA; Shahrokh Shariat, Vienna, Austria; Jose Karam, Christopher Wood, Houston, TX; Alon Weizer, Ann Arbor, MI; Mesut Remzi, Andrea Haitel, Vienna, Austria; Karim Bensalah, Nathalie Rioux-Leclerq, Rennes, France; Christian Bolenz, Mannheim, Germany; Marco Roscigno, Bergamo, Italy; Laura-Maria Krabbe, Payal Kapur, Yair Lotan, Vitaly Margulis, Dallas, TX

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity, as characterized by body mass index (BMI), is a risk factor for development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but paradoxically has been associated with decreased all-cause mortality (ACM) after surgery. However, BMI evaluates overall weight, which encompasses both adipose and muscle mass. While robust lean muscle mass appears to be protective, the independent impact of adipose burden on survival is unclear. Herein, we evaluate the impact of Fat Mass Index (FMI), a measure of total body fat mass, normalized by height on ACM, adjusting for lean muscle mass. METHODS: FMI was calculated from adipose tissue area at L3 measured on preoperative axial CT in 390 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) for localized RCC (2000-10). Patients were characterized as obese by FMI > 9 kg/m in males or >13 kg/m in females (class I III obesity). Skeletal muscle index was calculated, and sarcopenia was classified per sex-specific consensus definitions. CSS and OS were estimated by the Kaplan Meier method. Variables associated with cancer-specific (CSM) and ACM were summarized, adjusting for clinicopathologic variables and lean muscle mass. Median follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS: Median FMI was 9.4 kg/m. In total, 169 (44%) were obese, including 137/250 (55%) males and 32/131 (24%) females. 5-year CSS for obese and nonobese patients was 82% vs 81% (p1⁄40.17), respectively, while 5-year OS was 71% vs 68% (p 1⁄4 0.28). FMI was linearly associated with CSM (Fig). Adjusting for sarcopenia, age, ECOG, tumor size, stage, nuclear grade, and necrosis, no significant association between FMI and CSM (HR 0.99, p1⁄40.86) or ACM (HR 1.02, p1⁄40.42) was noted. Similarly, obesity by FMI criteria was not significantly associated with CSM (HR 1.15, p 1⁄4 0.57) or ACM (HR 1.06, p 1⁄4 0.72). However, patients with both sarcopenia and class I e III obesity demonstrated a trend towards increased CSM (HR 2.0, p 1⁄4 0.05) and ACM (HR 1.5, p 1⁄4 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: The obesity paradox might be related to the contribution of increasing lean muscle mass to overall weight. After nephrectomy, increasing adiposity is not independently associated with ACM or CSM after adjusting for lean muscle wasting, clinical and tumorspecific factors. Excess adipose burden may represent an additive insult to sarcopenia, and warrants further study. Source of Funding: none

Purpose We investigated whether smoking cessation could have preventative effects against tumor recurrence in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: NCCN guideline recommends adjuvant chemotherapy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC) based upon pT stage and the presence of lymph node (LN) involvement. However, lymph dissection (LD) for UT-UC is not universally performed. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is characterized by the presence of tumor cells inside small lymphatic channels and veins and its association with LN involvement has been described in other genitorurinary tumors. Herein we sought to evaluate if LVI can be used as a prognostic surrogate for LN involvement in patients without LD during surgery. METHODS: Patients undergoing surgical treatment for UT-UC at Indiana University from 1994-2012 were evaluated. Clinicopathologic outcomes, and follow up was obtained through medical records and the IU cancer registry data. Survival analysis was performed using the logrank test and multivariable Cox proportional hazards. Primary outcome was disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS: We identified 131 patients with median follow up of 61.5 months. pT stage was T2 or less in 88 (67.7%) patients and 100 (76.3%) had high grade disease. LD was performed in 62 (47.3%) patients: 43 (32.8%) were node negative (N0) and 19 (14.5%) node positive (N+); 69 (52.7%) did not have LD (Nx). LVI was present in 29 patients of whom 5 were N0, 12 N+ and 12 Nx. The specificity of LVI for N+ disease in the LD group was 88.4% (95% CI 74.1-95.6). Compared to N0,Nx LVI negative patients had similar DSS (p1⁄40.882), while N+ and NxLVI+ patients had significantly worse DSS (p

Evanguelos Xylinas*, New York, NY; Quoc-Dien Trinh, Montreal, Canada; Luis Kluth, David Green, Douglas Scherr, New York, NY; Giacomo Novara, Padua, Italy; Yair Lotan, Dallas, TX; Pierre Karakiewicz, Montreal, Canada; Francesco Montorsi, Milan, Italy; Marc Zerbib, Paris, France; Armin Pycha, Evi Comploj, Bolzano, Italy; Morgan Roupret, New York, NY; Jay Raman, Hershey, PA; Alon Weizer, Ann Harbor, MI; Christian Seitz, Vienna, Austria; Vitaly Margulis, Dallas, TX; Shahrokh Shariat, New York, NY

Briefly, the method is an immunomagnetic cell enrichment which uses antibodies targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and nucleus labeling with fluorescent dye. RESULTS: CTC were detectable in 8/44 patients (18%). CTC were found in 8/26 (31%) patients with T1 tumors, and in 0/18 patients with Ta (p 0.0275). CTC presence was also found associated to concomitant presence of CIS; in the group of patients with CIS, CTC were found in 5/8 (62.5%) compared to 3/36 (8.3%) found in the group without CIS (p 0.00228). For what concerns TTP, of the 8 CTC patients, 7 experienced the event within the end of follow-up, with a median TTP of 12 months. No events were observed in the 36 CTCpatients (p 0.001). For what concerns TFR, there were once again 7 events in the CTC group within end of follow-up, with a median TFR of 13 months and 13 events in the CTCgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of CTC could provide a non-invasive source of representative tumor material; although the prognostic significance has been more extensively validated in metastatic setting, a growing body of evidence is now demonstrating their role in early staged tumors as well.