20 results on '"Patrick M. O'Connor"'
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2. Endocranial and Inner Ear Morphology ofVintana Sertichi(Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
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Patrick M. O'Connor, John R. Wible, E. Christopher Kirk, Simone Hoffmann, and David W. Krause
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Digital reconstruction ,ved/biology ,Gondwanatheria ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Paleontology ,Morphology (biology) ,Anatomy ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Cretaceous ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Maevarano Formation ,medicine ,Inner ear ,Mammal ,Vintana - Abstract
We present the first digital reconstruction of the endocranial cavity and endosseous labyrinth of the Late Cretaceous gondwanatherian mammal Vintana sertichi from the Maevarano Formation of Madagas... more...
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- 2014
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3. Sensory Anatomy and Sensory Ecology ofVintana Sertichi(Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
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David W. Krause, Patrick M. O'Connor, Simone Hoffmann, Addison D. Kemp, and E. Christopher Kirk
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ved/biology ,Gondwanatheria ,fungi ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Paleontology ,Sensory system ,Anatomy ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Cretaceous ,body regions ,stomatognathic system ,Extant taxon ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Sensory ecology ,Vintana - Abstract
—Living mammals are distinguished from other extant tetrapods by adaptations for improved senses of hearing, touch, and smell. These adaptations, and concomitant reductions in visual anatom...
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- 2014
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4. Dental Morphology ofVintana Sertichi(Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
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Waymon L. Holloway, John R. Wible, David W. Krause, James B. Rossie, Joseph R. Groenke, Simone Hoffmann, and Patrick M. O'Connor
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biology ,Gondwanatheria ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Paleontology ,Morphology (biology) ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Cretaceous ,stomatognathic diseases ,Upper dentition ,stomatognathic system ,Mammal ,Craniofacial ,Vintana - Abstract
—The cranium of Vintana sertichi preserves the first associated upper dentition of a gondwanatherian mammal. Gondwanatherians are known almost exclusively from isolated teeth, particularly ...
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- 2014
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5. The basal titanosaurianRukwatitan bisepultus(Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania
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Eric M. Roberts, Eric Gorscak, Nancy J. Stevens, and Patrick M. O'Connor
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Rift ,biology ,ved/biology ,Fauna ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Paleontology ,biology.organism_classification ,Cretaceous ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Tanzania ,Rukwatitan ,Clade ,Geology ,Sauropoda - Abstract
Whereas titanosaurians represent the most diverse and cosmopolitan clade of Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs, they remain rare components of Cretaceous African faunas. Currently recognized continental... more...
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- 2014
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6. A revision of the Upper Cretaceous lepidosirenid lungfishes from the Quseir Formation, Western Desert, central Egypt
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Kerin M. Claeson, Joseph J. W. Sertich, Hesham M. Sallam, and Patrick M. O'Connor
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Protopterus ,Lungfish ,Paleontology ,Taxon ,Ceratodus ,biology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Cenomanian ,Articular surface ,biology.organism_classification ,Geology ,Cretaceous - Abstract
We evaluate new lungfish remains from the Upper Cretaceous Quseir Formation in the Western Dessert of southern Egypt. Taxa include Lavocatodus protopteroides, L. humei, L. giganteus, and Protopterus nigeriensis. We treat Lavocatodus as members of Lepidosirenidae based on the presence of a well-defined medial articular surface, in the absence of a symphyseal surface of corresponding prearticular bones. Material of L. protopteroides represents the first example of an adult specimen, supporting the retention of the species as valid, and not a junior synonym of L. humei. Specimens of L. humei are the most abundant in the assemblage, and all exhibit the medial articular surface, a feature that is absent from specimens of Ceratodus; therefore, we reassign additional specimens of ‘C.’ humei to Lavocatodus. New specimens of L. giganteus extend the temporal and spatial ranges of the species (the type material of L. giganteus is from Paleocene deposits of In Farghas, Mali). Finally, a new specimen of Protop... more...
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- 2014
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7. A new crocodyliform from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania
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Patrick M. O'Connor and Joseph J. W. Sertich
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Paleontology ,Skull ,Tanzania ,Taxon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology ,medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Geology ,Cretaceous - Abstract
A new taxon of peirosaurid crocodyliform, Rukwasuchus yajabalijekundu, gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of a well-preserved partial skull from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation expo... more...
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- 2014
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8. Bone histology confirms determinate growth and small body size in the noasaurid theropodMasiakasaurus knopfleri
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Andrew H. Lee and Patrick M. O'Connor
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Noasauridae ,Masiakasaurus ,Maevarano Formation ,Ontogeny ,Paleontology ,Histology ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Body size ,Indeterminate growth ,biology.organism_classification ,Skeletal material - Abstract
Noasauridae is a clade of ceratosaurian theropods that evolved small body size independently of other nonavian theropods. The best-preserved and most complete noasaurid is Masiakasaurus knopfleri from the Maastrichtian-aged Maevarano Formation in Madagascar. An abundance of skeletal material from several individuals spanning a wide range of ontogeny makes Masiakasaurus an ideal candidate for the analysis of growth. We histologically sampled a growth series of elements consisting of four femora and three tibiae. Bright-field and circularly polarized light microscopy were used to distinguish between slowly and rapidly growing forms of bone. To simultaneously estimate age at death and reconstruct growth trajectories, we measured the perimeters of growth lines in each specimen and fitted models to these data using a novel application of mixed-effects regression. Our histological results show an external fundamental system in the largest tibial specimen and confirm that Masiakasaurus grew determinatel... more...
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- 2013
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9. Craniofacial morphology ofSimosuchus clarki(Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
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Justin A. Georgi, Alan H. Turner, Patrick M. O'Connor, David W. Krause, Nathan J. Kley, and Joseph J. W. Sertich
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Paleontology ,Anatomy ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Skeleton (computer programming) ,Cretaceous ,Sexual dimorphism ,Skull ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Simosuchus ,Crocodyliformes ,medicine ,Notosuchia ,Craniofacial - Abstract
Simosuchus clarki is a small, pug-nosed notosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Originally described on the basis of a single specimen including a remarkably complete and well-preserved skull and lower jaw, S. clarki is now known from five additional specimens that preserve portions of the craniofacial skeleton. Collectively, these six specimens represent all elements of the head skeleton except the stapedes, thus making the craniofacial skeleton of S. clarki one of the best and most completely preserved among all known basal mesoeucrocodylians. In this report, we provide a detailed description of the entire head skeleton of S. clarki, including a portion of the hyobranchial apparatus. The two most complete and well-preserved specimens differ substantially in several size and shape variables (e.g., projections, angulations, and areas of ornamentation), suggestive of sexual dimorphism. Assessment of both external and internal morphological features indicates a habitual he... more...
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- 2010
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10. A Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) avifauna from the Maevarano Formation, Madagascar
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Catherine A. Forster and Patrick M. O'Connor
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Paleontology ,Ornithurae ,Carpometacarpus ,Vorona ,biology ,Maevarano Formation ,Fauna ,Synsacrum ,Tarsometatarsus ,biology.organism_classification ,Geology ,Rahonavis - Abstract
Recent field efforts in the Mahajanga Basin of northwestern Madagascar have recovered a diverse Late Cretaceous terrestrial and freshwater vertebrate fauna, including a growing diversity of avialans. Previous work on associated bird skeletons resulted in the description of two named avialans (Rahonavis, Vorona). Other materials, including two synsacra and numerous appendicular elements, represent at least five additional taxa of basal (non-neornithine) birds. Among the materials described herein are two humeri tentatively referred to Rahonavis and numerous elements (e.g., humeri, ulnae, tibiotarsi, tarsometatarsi) assigned to Vorona. A near-complete carpometacarpus exhibits a minor metacarpal that exceeds the major metacarpal in length, documenting an enantiornithine in the fauna. Moreover, two additional, small humeri, an ulna, a femur, and a tarsometatarsus also compare favorably with enantiornithines. Finally, two other isolated humeri and a synsacrum are referable to Ornithurae. The latter sp... more...
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- 2010
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11. A hyracoid from the Late Oligocene Red Sandstone Group of Tanzania,Rukwalorax jinokitana(gen. and sp. nov.)
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Michael D. Gottfried, Eric M. Roberts, Patrick M. O'Connor, and Nancy J. Stevens
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Paleontology ,geography ,Taxon ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Peninsula ,Range (biology) ,Fauna ,Postcrania ,Rhinoceros ,Biology ,Paleogene ,Jebel Qatrani Formation - Abstract
[Extract] A striking array of fossil hyracoids has been described from northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, with several taxa recognized from Paleogene strata not only in the Fayum Depression of Egypt, but also in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Oman (e.g., Sudre, 1979; Rasmussen, 1989 and references therein; Thomas et al., 1989; Gheerbrant et al., 2005). Hyracoids were abundant in these faunas, comprising up to 90% of the mammalian fauna recovered from the L-41 locality in the Jebel Qatrani Formation of Egypt (Rasmussen and Simons, 1991). Hyracoids appear to have achieved their apex in diversity during the Paleogene, at which time the group dominated the small-medium sized herbivorous niches in known faunas (Schwartz et al., 1995). During this time, they spanned a rabbit to rhinoceros range in body size, exhibiting a diversity of locomotor and dietary morphologies (Rasmussen et al., 1996). From the bunodont Geniohyus, to the common lophoselenodont Thyrohyrax, hyracoids flourished, assuming a vast array of niches that would later be occupied by immigrant artiodactyls and perissodactyls (Schwartz et al., 1995). Indeed, specializations for limb stabilization attributed to cursoriality in Antilohyrax pectidens suggest that in some ways it converged upon modern springboks in aspects of its locomotor habits (Rasmussen and Simons, 2000), whereas at the other extreme, postcranial specializations of the hind limb later emerged in some procaviids to permit extreme rotation for rock and tree climbing (Fischer, 1986). more...
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- 2009
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12. Kahawamys mbeyaensis (n. gen., n. sp.) (Rodentia: Thryonomyoidea) from the late Oligocene Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania
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Patrick M. O'Connor, Nancy J. Stevens, Michael D. Gottfried, Patricia A. Holroyd, and Eric M. Roberts
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Paleontology ,Tanzania ,Taxon ,Rift ,biology ,Genus ,Fauna ,East africa ,biology.organism_classification ,Paleogene ,Geology ,Kahawamys - Abstract
[Extract] Paleogene micromammal-bearing deposits from Afro-Arabia have until recently been largely restricted to a limited number of localities in Saharan Africa and Oman (e.g., Osborn, 1908; Wood, 1968; Jaeger et al., 1985; Fejfar, 1987; Thomas et al., 1989; Holroyd, 1994; Seiffert et al., 2008; but see also Gunnell et al., 2002). Research in the Rukwa Rift Basin of Tanzania has begun to reveal a diverse late Paleogene vertebrate fauna below the equator. This work has produced evidence of primate (Stevens et al., 2005), macroscelidean (Stevens et al., 2006a) and hyracoid mammals, and in particular, an interesting array of rodent taxa (Stevens et al., 2008). Teeth attributed to the phiomorph rodent Metaphiomys have been recorded in the study area (Stevens et al., 2006b), along with a number of smaller thryonomyoid rodent specimens, many of which are severely worn, hampering precise taxonomic assessment. The recent discovery of a fairly complete, modestly worn thryonomyoid mandible allows us to recognize the presence of a new taxon from the Rukwa Rift Basin deposits. This find is significant in that it represents the first novel Paleogene rodent genus and species described from East Africa, and documents a critically under-represented temporal gap in African faunal evolution (e.g., Seiffert, 2006). more...
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- 2009
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13. THE POSTCRANIAL AXIAL SKELETON OFMAJUNGASAURUS CRENATISSIMUS(THEROPODA: ABELISAURIDAE) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR
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Patrick M. O'Connor
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Noasauridae ,Axial skeleton ,Majungasaurus ,biology ,Appendicular skeleton ,Paleontology ,Postcrania ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Theropoda ,Abelisauridae ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Carnotaurus ,medicine ,Geology - Abstract
Recent fieldwork in Upper Cretaceous terrestrial deposits in northwestern Madagascar has yielded a remarkable diversity of vertebrates, including several specimens of the abelisaurid theropod Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Deperet, 1896) Lavocat, 1955. Featured among the discoveries is an exquisite specimen (UA 8678) that preserves a virtually complete precaudal vertebral column, numerous costal elements, and portions of the skull and appendicular skeleton. This contribution represents the first description highlighting the postcranial axial skeleton of Majungasaurus. Owing to the completeness and quality of preservation, this specimen allows an examination of the serial transformation of features along the length of the axial skeleton, including a detailed analysis of postcranial pneumaticity in a nontetanuran theropod. Notable features of Majungasaurus include pneumatic cervical ribs with caudally bifurcate shafts and extensive pneumaticity of all postatlantal, precaudal vertebrae. Several postcr... more...
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- 2007
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14. OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF DISCOVERY, TAXONOMY, PHYLOGENY, AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OFMAJUNGASAURUS CRENATISSIMUS(THEROPODA: ABELISAURIDAE) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR
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Scott D. Sampson, David W. Krause, Patrick M. O'Connor, and Matthew T. Carrano
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Abelisauridae ,Paleontology ,biology ,Majungasaurus ,Maevarano Formation ,Megalosaurus ,Tyrannosauridae ,Abelisaur ,biology.organism_classification ,Megalosauridae ,Theropoda ,Geology - Abstract
We review the historical sequence of discoveries of Majungasaurus crenatissimus, an abelisaurid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. For almost a century, beginning in 1895, periodic expeditions conducted by French, Japanese, and Malagasy teams yielded fragmentary and isolated remains of a medium-sized theropod dinosaur from the Maevarano Formation. These materials were first assigned to Megalosaurus crenatissimus but later to Dryptosaurus crenatissimus, then Majungasaurus crenatissimus, and, most recently, Majungatholus atopus. The taxon was variously considered to pertain to Tyrannosauridae, “Megalosauridae,” and Abelisauridae. Recent excavations undertaken by the Mahajanga Basin Project (1993 to present) have resulted in abundant and spectacular remains of this theropod. The new material allows us to establish Majungasaurus crenatissimus as the valid name for this theropod and to conclusively place it within Abelisaur... more...
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- 2007
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15. PATHOLOGY INMAJUNGASAURUS CRENATISSIMUS(THEROPODA: ABELISAURIDAE) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR
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Andrew A. Farke and Patrick M. O'Connor
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,biology ,Majungasaurus ,Ossification ,Paleontology ,Postcrania ,Anatomy ,Phalanx ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Theropoda ,body regions ,Abelisauridae ,Maevarano Formation ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Exostosis ,Geology - Abstract
Recent collecting efforts (1993 to present) in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation of northwestern Madagascar have yielded numerous specimens of the medium-sized abelisauroid theropod Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Deperet, 1896) Lavocat, 1955. Exquisite preservation, coupled with near-complete articulated or associated skeletons, has allowed an assessment of individual skeletal variation in this taxon, including a preliminary analysis of osteopathology in a non-tetanuran theropod. Importantly, Majungasaurus is the first abelisauroid theropod for which comprehensive pathology data are available. In a survey of 181 postcranial skeletal elements from a minimum of 21 individuals, abnormalities were identified in eight elements from a minimum of four individuals. These include a pedal phalanx with a mediolateral diaphyseal expansion of unknown etiology, a dorsal vertebra with a small exostosis, a caudal vertebra with probable idiopathic ossification of vertebral ligaments, and a pa... more...
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- 2007
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16. An anthropoid primate humerus from the Rukwa Rift Basin, Paleogene of southwestern Tanzania
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Michael D. Gottfried, Nancy J. Stevens, Sifael Ngasala, Patrick M. O'Connor, and Eric M. Roberts
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Rift ,biology ,Evolutionary significance ,Paleontology ,Postcrania ,Neogene ,biology.organism_classification ,Tanzania ,biology.animal ,East africa ,Primate ,Paleogene ,Geology - Abstract
African early Tertiary paleontological sites are notoriously patchy, both spatially and temporally. The vast majority of Paleogene primate fossils have been recovered from sites in the northern portion of the continent (e.g., Thomas et al., 1991; Godinot and Mahboubi, 1992; Hartenberger and Marandat, 1992; Godinot, 1994), with the most extensive record from the Fayum Depression of Egypt (e.g., Osborn, 1908; Simons and Kay, 1983; Simons et al., 1994; Simons, 1995; Simons and Rasmussen, 1995; Simons et al., 2001). Sub-equatorial deposits are relatively sparse, and no primate postcranial remains have been described from Paleogene deposits in sub-Saharan Africa. The rarity of Paleogene strata from much of Africa poses problems not only for understanding the geographical extent and evolutionary significance of faunas occupying the majority of the continental landmass, it also provides obstacles to reconstructing biogeographic histories of a variety of clades, including primates (Stevens and Heesy, 2000; Ducrocq, 2001; Gunnell and Miller, 2001; Heesy et al., in press). In contrast, numerous sites in East Africa have provided a wealth of information concerning the Neogene primate record (e.g., Fleagle and Simons, 1978; Leakey et al., 1995; Harrison, 1997; MacLatchy and Pilbeam, 1999; Kingston et al., 2002). Until relatively recently, the earliest Tertiary faunas reported from East Africa were Miocene in age. New finds from older Tertiary sites suggest that this region also holds keys to understanding issues deeper in paleontological history (e.g., Leakey et al., 1995b; Murray, 2000; Harrison et al., 2001; Gunnell et al., 2002; Kappelman et al., 2003; Stevens et al., 2004). Here we describe a diminutive anthropoid primate humerus recovered from Paleogene deposits in southwestern Tanzania. In many features this specimen resembles basal anthropoids described from the Paleogene Jebel el Qatrani Formation of Egypt, constituting the first primate postcranial record from the Paleogene of sub-Saharan Africa. more...
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- 2005
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17. Dinosaur eggshell from the Red Sandstone Group of Tanzania
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Michael D. Gottfried, Eric M. Roberts, Patrick M. O'Connor, Frankie D. Jackson, and Remegius Chami
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Gondwana ,Paleontology ,biology ,Fauna ,biology.animal ,Group (stratigraphy) ,Vertebrate ,Mesozoic ,Eggshell ,Southern Hemisphere ,Geology ,Cretaceous - Abstract
Investigations over the last several decades at Gondwanan Mesozoic localities have significantly expanded our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Southern Hemisphere dinosaurs. These records are primarily based on skeletal remains, but included among them are in- stances of preserved eggshell, notably from Argentina (e.g., Calvo et al., 1997; Chiappe et al., 1998) and India (e.g., Khosla and Sahni, 1995). In general, however, dinosaur eggshell is relatively poorly known from Gondwana, and from Africa in particular. Newly initiated (summer 2002) field research in Cretaceous-age deposits of the Red Sandstone Group in southwestern Tanzania has resulted in the discovery of a rich terrestrial/freshwater vertebrate fauna, which includes lungfishes and teleost fishes, turtles, crocodilians, sauropod and both avian and non- avian theropod dinosaurs, and mammals. Included among the dinosaur specimens are pieces of well-preserved eggshell. This is the first dinosaur eggshell from the Cretaceous of Africa to be studied and described in detail; it is here placed in the Oofamily Megaloolithidae on the basis of its structural details and surface ornament, which closely resemble those of Cretaceous megaloolithid eggshell from a number of other, non-African localities. more...
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- 2004
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18. Gigantic pterosaurian remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia
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Brian Andres, Takanobu Tsuihiji, Buuvei Mainbayar, Patrick M. O'Connor, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar, and Mahito Watabe
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paleontology ,030104 developmental biology ,Taxon ,Vertebrate paleontology ,Geology ,Cretaceous - Abstract
Fragmentary cervical vertebral elements of a gigantic pterosaur are described from the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation in the Gobi Desert. With an estimated width of a posterior centrum across the postexapophyses of 198 mm, this taxon represents one of the largest pterosaurs currently known. This is the first discovery of a pterosaur from the Nemegt Formation, adding further evidence that gigantic pterosaurs were widely distributed in Eurasia and North America during the latest Cretaceous.Citation for this article: Tsuihiji, T., B. Andres, P. M. O'Connor, M. Watabe, K. Tsogtbaatar, and B. Mainbayar. 2017. Gigantic pterosaurian remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2017.1361431. more...
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- 2017
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19. The second titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania, with remarks on African titanosaurian diversity
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Eric Gorscak, Nancy J. Stevens, Patrick M. O'Connor, and Eric M. Roberts
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0106 biological sciences ,Overosaurus ,010506 paleontology ,biology ,Bonitasaura ,Paleontology ,Vertebrate ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Cretaceous ,Spine (zoology) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Trigonosaurus ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cervical vertebrae ,Sauropoda - Abstract
The paleobiogeographic significance of continental Africa during the middle and Late Cretaceous is not well understood, in part due to incomplete sampling from large portions of the landmass during these intervals. Intensified field efforts in the Galula Formation exposed in southwestern Tanzania have revealed a diverse vertebrate fauna, including the novel titanosaurian Shingopana songwensis, gen. et sp. nov., described herein. Based on a left angular, cervical vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs, a left humerus, and a partial left pubis, Shingopana exhibits morphology indicating affinities with the Late Cretaceous aeolosaurine titanosaurians of South America. The bulbous expansion of the cervical vertebral neural spine is similar to the condition in Bonitasaura salgadoi, Overosaurus paradasorum, and Trigonosaurus pricei. The dorsal ribs of Shingopana also present proximal anterior and posterior flanges that previously were proposed to be unique to Overosaurus. Furthermore, Shingopana is diagnose... more...
- Published
- 2017
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20. AN ANTHROPOID PRIMATE HUMERUS FROM THE RUKWA RIFT BASIN, PALEOGENE OF SOUTHWESTERN TANZANIA
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STEVENS, NANCY J., PATRICK, M. O'CONNOR, GOTTFRIED, MICHAEL D., ROBERTS, ERIC M., and NGASALA, SIFAEL
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- 2005
- Full Text
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