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The system of linear equations of two variables is contextual material in learning mathematics. Yet, there are facts that show there are still errors and difficulties experienced by students in the problem of the system of linear equations of two variables. The research purpose is to conduct a literature review on the skills, errors, and difficulties of students on the problem of the system of linear equations of two variables. This research uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. Data collection was carried out by reviewing all articles related to math skills, errors, and difficulties of students on the problem of the system of linear equations of two variables published from 2019 to 2023. Based on the research results, it was found that students' skills to solve the problem of two-variable linear equation system was still low. Students still made many mistakes in understanding the problem and converting it into a mathematical model, carrying out the plan or process, performing calculations, and often ignoring the evaluation of the results obtained.

Many students experience the difficulty of applying the right variations of embroidery to clothing. The available learning resources only contain material on clothing variations without providing appropriate examples for applying embroidery variations to clothing. Hence, this research aims to develop an electronic book on the application of embroidery variations to clothing. The research is Research and Development (R&D) research. The development model used is the Brog and gall model. Validation of teaching materials is carried out by material experts and media experts. The validation results from material experts indicates 92.06% in the very feasible category. The validation results from media experts reveals an average of 94.43%, which was very feasible. Small group trials indicates an average result of 82.87% in the very feasible category. Large group trials reveals an average score of 87.85% in the very feasible category. Thus, it can be concluded that the e-book on embroidery variations is very suitable for use in basic embroidery technique courses. The development of an electronic book on embroidery variations can facilitate the delivery of practical material in applying embroidery variations on clothing so as to increase students' understanding of learning basic embroidery techniques.

This research was conducted at SDN 06402 Medan Tuntungan with the aim of improving critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects by using the Problem Based Learning learning model for fifth grade students at SDN 06402 Medan Tuntungan for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research is Classroom Action Research. implemented in two cycles. The subjects in this research were 30 class V students consisting of 13 female students and 17 male students. The data collection techniques used are observation and tests. The results of this research indicate that there is an increase in students' critical thinking abilities and student learning outcomes. This can be seen from the increase in students' critical thinking, namely in cycle I there were 12 students who got a pass mark or 40%, while 18 students who did not complete it or 60%. So, the second cycle of research was continued, namely 26 students who got a pass mark or 87%, while 4 students who did not get a pass mark or 13%, then there was an increase in cycle II compared to cycle I and they had fulfilled the predetermined completion. Thus, it can be concluded that using the Problem Based Learning learning model in mathematics lessons in class V of SDN 064025 Medan Tuntungan 2023/2024 can improve critical thinking abilities and student learning outcomes.

This paper discusses a phenomenon or situation encountered at SMA Technology Pekanbaru where there is a problem of low student interest in continuing their education to higher education. Meanwhile, fostering student interest in continuing their education to higher education is one of the efforts to improve the quality of education in order to create qualified human resources in their education and for a good career in the future. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of family environment and learning achievement on student interest in continuing education to college level at SMA Technology Pekanbaru. The research uses descriptive research methods with a quantitative approach. The research was conducted at SMA Technology Pekanbaru at Jl. Kubang Raya KM.1.5 Tuah Madani Village Tampan district Pekanbaru, which was carried out from June - November 2022. The research population was 43 students of class XI and XII at SMA Technology Pekanbaru in the academic year 2022/2023 so that all population is a sample. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis used was descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis, which reviously passed the prerequisite analysis test. Based on the research result, it is obtained that the family environment and learning achievement have a positive and significant effect on the students’ interest in continuing education to college students at SMA Technology Pekanbaru. This means that family support and a good level of student achievement will increase students' interest in continuing their education to college.

The present study seeks whether there is a significant effect of using Picture Word Inductive model on students’ ability of SMAN 4 Pekanbaru in writing descriptive texts or not. This research uses quantitative method, namely by applied Pre-Experimental Design. The research sampling technique is Purposive Sampling. Class X.11 was selected as the sample with the total of 36 students. The instrument used is writing test. The hypothesis was tested using Wilcoxon Test. The research results show that there is a significant effect of using Picture Word Inductive model on students’ ability of SMAN 4 Pekanbaru in writing descriptive texts. This is proven from the students' average pre-test score, namely 60.08 (Poor), which experienced a significant increase after using PWIM in students' post-test average score into 82.25 (Very Good). Furthermore, the hypothesis test results show Sig. value 0.000 < 0.05 leads to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using Picture Word Inductive model on students’ ability of SMAN 4 Pekanbaru in writing descriptive texts. In addition, students' overall post-test scores have reached the standard of learning achievement criteria in Merdeka Curriculum after applying Picture Word Inductive model.

The weak critical thinking skills of students today encourage educators to seek other ways to attract students' interest in learning. One solution is to develop PBL-based LKPD. Therefore, the present study aims to (1) develop PBL-based LKPD, (2) analyze the effectiveness of the developed PBL-based LKPD, and (3) determine the practicality of PBL-based LKPD. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) research using the 4D model (Define, Design, and Disseminate). The effectiveness of the LKPD, which was developed based on the independent sample t-test test, obtained a sig. value 0.001 < 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference between the test results of the experimental class students and the test results of the control class students. Furthermore, based on the N-Gain score test results in the experimental class using PBL-based LKPD, there was 0.71 with high criteria while the control class using conventional LKPD obtained 0.30 results with low criteria. The practicality of the LKPD developed was assessed based on the teacher's response with an average percentage score of 90% in the very practical category and student responses with an average percentage score of 88.48% in the very practical category. Hence, the use of LKPD is considered effective in improving students' critical thinking skills.

This research aims to determine the effect of the Montessori method on the fourth-grade student learning outcomes in theme VIII in the area where I live at state elementary school 040491 Batukarang in the academic year 2022/2023. This research used quantitative methods. The research population was 25 class IV students at SD Negeri 040491 Batukarang, which consisted of 10 male and 15 female students. Sampling was taken using purposive sampling, which was 25 class IV students. The research results show that student learning outcomes using the Montessori method are in the good category with an average of 80,2 with a correlation test result of 0.937. It means that rcount (0.937) ≥ rtable (0.396), so Ha is accepted. Therefore, there is a very strong effect between the use of the Montessori method on the fourth-grade student learning outcomes in theme VIII in the area where I live at SD Negeri 040491 Batukarang. It can be seen from the T-test research results where tcount 12,918 ≥ ttable 1.708 so it can be stated that Ha is accepted. This indicates that there is a significant positive effect from the use of the Montessori method on the fourth-grade student learning outcomes in theme VIII in the area where I live at SD Negeri 040491 Batukarang in the academic year 2022/2023.

The present study discusses whether there is an effect of online games on the learning outcomes of class V students at UPT SD Negeri 064025 Flamboyan Raya Medan in the academic year 2022/2023 or not. The population involves 158 class V students at UPT SD Negeri 064025 Flamboyan Raya Medan. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling, which was totaled 28 students at class V-D of UPT SD Negeri 064025 at the academic year 2022/2023. The method used in this research is a quantitative survey with the research method type. The survey type of quantitative research method used in this research is to find the effect of playing online games on the learning outcomes of class V students at UPT SD Negeri 064025 Flamboyan Raya Medan. Based on the results of statistical processing, it shows that the level of addiction to playing online games among students is categorized as strong category with an average of 88.28. Meanwhile, student learning outcomes have not met the KKM that has been implemented with an average of 72.85. By using the test, tcount is 4,530 while ttable is 2,056, because tcount ≥ ttable. Then, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This proves that there is a significant effect between playing online games on the learning outcomes of class V students at UPT SD Negeri 064025 Medan Selayang in the academic year 2022/2023.

Kahoot has become a popular application for language learning nowadays. This research aims to find out how the perceptions of the second-year students of SMA Negeri 2 Tambang by using Kahoot application in learning English. The research sample was taken by using the purposive sampling technique that was from second-year students. The number of sample was 72 students. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. There are a total of 30 questionnaire items. A Likert scale was used in this study using survey design with a quantitative research. There are four choices from strongly agree to strongly disagree without using neutral answers. The research result reveals that the second-year students have the perception in which Kahoot keeps motivated, effective to be used as a test or assessment media, is easy to understand and apply by students in learning English. Rests are unsatisfactory like students still felt tense in doing the questionnaire test because of the the timer feature and it is less easy to access due to poor internet networks. Based on the research result, students are recommended to use Kahoot in learning English in the class because it helps them to build their enthusiasm for learning and understand the material more easily.

Mathematical reasoning is essential for understanding mathematics. This literature study determines the development of learners’ mathematical reasoning abilities over the last 3 years. This study presents a literature review regarding the development of mathematical reasoning, including media, strategies, and measurement instruments, to serve as a basis for future mathematical reasoning research. The literature study method used is a systematic literature review (SLR), using a review procedure that refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework in the period 2021 to 2023 because the development of mathematical reasoning literature studies is very significant and recent. Data collection was performed by reviewing 20 Scopus-indexed articles from the Scopus database. The results of the research reveal that from the 20 selected pieces of literature, it can be interpreted that mathematical reasoning abilities can be improved and fulfill the indicators of mathematical reasoning itself by providing innovative media, strategies, and instruments in mathematics learning. The innovation provided can be in the form of technology integration (Geogebra), strategies that are no longer conventional, and the reasoning indicator instrument itself. Thus, students’ mathematical reasoning abilities are no longer included in the low category in solving mathematical problems.

This qualitative descriptive study aims to determine the needs of students and lecturers for team-based, project-based teaching materials in interpersonal and communication skills courses. Data collection was obtained through observation, interviews and document study. The results of observations during the implementation of interpersonal and communication skills courses in obtaining an overview of students’ public communication experiences. Students are not used to it and seem passive when communicating in public. Students also have difficulty adapting their communication style to suit various interlocutors. The analysis of the questionnaires revealed that most did not have teaching materials for interpersonal communication skills courses and admitted that they needed them for courses in these subjects. Meanwhile, interview data supported by study documents revealed that lecturers and students need open materials packaged specifically for implementing interpersonal and communication skills courses. Teaching materials need to be presented in a structured manner and be able to create collaborative learning. Open materials can utilize digital media. Teaching materials are expected to improve students’ interpersonal and communication skills. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop teaching materials that are integrated with the team-based project model by utilizing digital media.

The Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated schools to conduct distance learning. Teachers and students do not have face-to-face interactions in the classroom. Schools have implemented policies to reduce instructional hours. Teachers and students have had to adapt to these conditions. Christian education views students as creations of God, made in His image and likeness. Students are created by God with different abilities and uniqueness. Teachers play the role of facilitators in the classroom, preparing interactive teaching materials, methods, and learning media. Students participate by providing responses, asking questions, giving opinions in discussions, and being able to follow instructions and rules during the learning process. During teaching practice, there was an issue of low student participation. The purpose of this writing is to describe the use of interactive learning media that can encourage active student participation during remote learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Interactive learning media has an impact on the level of student participation. The design of interactive multimedia includes features such as images, sound, graphics, video, and animation that can capture students' attention. When combined with good content, this media design can enhance student participation. Teachers need to pay attention to students' needs, uniqueness, and potential. Teachers should learn to use technology in designing interactive learning media. The design of interactive learning media should be done with careful preparation.

This study aims to examine the implementation of the PBP model stages in the lecture process and student graduate learning outcomes (CPL) in the analytical chemistry course in the 1st semester of the academic year 2020/2021 which applies the PBP model with a blended learning system. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. In carrying out this research, it is preceded by planning the lecture process using a project-based learning model (PBP), applying it in the lecture process with a blended learning system, then conducting a process assessment, and seeing the achievement of CPL in the analytical chemistry course I in the form of quantitative values, and further described. The qualitative descriptive type is a type of research to see the implementation of the PBP model steps with a blended learning system and the achievement of CPL. Data was obtained by using observation techniques in the form of narratives and then examined for their suitability with relevant theories and studies related to the implementation of the PBP model steps. The results of this study are the PBP model with a blended learning system in the analytical chemistry course I was carried out well according to the planning, design, implementation, and reporting stages, CPL KU and KK were declared achieved based on the assessment of sub CPMK 6, 7, 8, 9 with the average percentage of achievement is 100, 78, 80, 84, 77 and in general the percentage of achievement for CPl KU 5 and KK 4 is 100% and 79.75%

The aim of this research is to utilize educational game learning media to help students have competence in English. Understanding English allows individuals to communicate with people from various backgrounds and cultures. 21st century skills are an integration of knowledge skills and attitudes as well as mastery of ICT development through; critical thinking skills and problem solving skills, communication skills, creativity and innovation skills, and collaboration skills. Through this method students are invited to actively participate in the learning process and train their ability to think critically. The results of the implementation of the use of educational game learning media are expected to be able to develop students' competence in English so that students are able to compete in the world of work. This research stage refers to the six steps in developing the ASSURE model. Analyze learners, State Objectives, Select Methods, Media, and Materials, Utilize Media and Materials, Learner Participation, Evaluate and Revise. Grades are divided into three categories A (Very Good), B (Good), and C (Poor). Educational games are an alternative learning media that can help students have competence in learning English.

In the current era, learners must have the ability to be able to adapt to changes that occur in the education component. One of these demolitions is in the 2013 curriculum in which there are specialization subjects. This study aims to find out how the influence of cross-interest learning in economics students on the growth of entrepreneurial interest of SMAN 11 Pangkep students. This research is a type of descriptive quantitative research. The population and sample of this study are grade XI science students totaling 26 students for the 2021/2022 academic year. Data collection techniques are carried out by distributing questionnaires and documentation. Analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that there was a significant influence of cross-interest learning (X) on the growth of entrepreneurial interest (Y) in grade VI IPA students of SMA Negeri 11 Pangkep, where a probability value of 0.04 < 0.05 was obtained and a calculated t value of 2.122 > 1.714. Thus, it is concluded that cross-interest learning of economics subjects needs efforts made by principals and teachers so as to be able to increase the growth of students' entrepreneurial interest after graduation considering the importance of entrepreneurial spirit in this country.

This research was conducted to reveal how religious tolerance education in SDN. 04 Purwodadi. The data was taken using a phenomenological approach, namely revealing data on social phenomena collected by in-depth interviews. The data analysis technique used an analysis that was carried out simultaneously with the data collection process in the form of interviews with the Principal and Religious Teachers at SDN.04 Purwodadi. The results of the study found that: (1)Religious tolerance education in SDN. 04 Purwodadi is carried out thoroughly which is contained in the curriculum of the education unit, SOP for School Culture and strengthened in the curriculum of Islamic Religious Education & Budi Pekerti knowledge of religious tolerance material (moral knowing) in grade VI SD/MI (2) Religious tolerance education from the age of children is deemed necessary because it will raise awareness and strong feelings so as to motivate students to take actions of religious tolerance so that they can maintain harmony in the midst of existing community differences. (3) Religious tolerance education in Islamic religious education during the COVID-19 pandemic with the implementation of online learning should not be an obstacle. Religious tolerance education during the pandemic using social media can be an alternative learning. Because in fact, there has been a shift in people's social behavior Through social media, it is easier for people to stay in touch and communicate and interact with each other

This research aims to determine the influence of image media on student learning outcomes on the theme of the beauty of togetherness for class IV SD Negeri 101735 Sei Semayang for the 2022\2023 academic year. In this study, a quantitative method was used, the population of this study was class IV students at SD 101735 Sei Semayang, totaling 30 students. The results of this research show that before being given treatment students had an average learning outcome of 58 and did not meet the KKM and after being given treatment students had an average learning outcome of 88.6. With normality test results of 0.117, the conclusion is that the data is normally distributed. The correlation test result is 0.638, which means rcount (0.740)> rtable (0.361), so Ha is accepted. So there is a strong influence between the use of image media on student learning outcomes in class IV of SD Negeri 101735 Sei Semayang. It can be seen from the results of the t-test research where tcount>ttable is 5.816>2.042 so it can be stated that Ha is accepted. This shows that there is a significant positive influence from the use of image media on student learning outcomes on the theme of the Beauty of Togetherness for Class IV of SD Negeri 101735 Sei Semayang for the 2022\2023 academic year.

This research was conducted to determine students' responses to the use of learning media. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive qualitative methods. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis with data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. Data collection in this study used questionnaires with qualitative data types and distributed using google forms so that respondents could fill out questionnaires online. The results of this study showed that 78.1% of students stated that they really need interactive multimedia learning by presenting interesting elements of images, audio and video. One of the applications that supports this is the Canva application. So that it can be argued that this research can be a benchmark for teachers regarding the development of interactive science multimedia based on local wisdom can be made as attractive as possible and according to the needs of students through various applications or supporting software such as Canva

Teacher performance is something that needs and deserves to be examined in depth. Many factors cause problems related to teacher performance. This article will cover the influence of the principal's academic supervision and school climate on the performance of state middle school teachers. This research uses a quantitative-descriptive approach. This quantitative descriptive research systematically, actually, and accurately describes certain social phenomena, with the aim of describing in detail the existing facts and data. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The subjects of the research were 76 teachers at state middle schools. The results of the research show that: 1) The principal's academic supervision has a significant positive influence on teacher performance, with a significance value of 0.022 or smaller than the alpha value of 0.05. 2) School climate has a significant positive influence on teacher performance, with a significance value of 0.000. 3) The principal's academic supervision and school climate jointly influence teacher performance, with a significance value of 0.000 and an R-Square value of 0.590 indicating that the proportion of influence of the principal's academic supervision variable and school climate on the teacher performance variable is 59.0%.

The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of application-based learning media during the pandemic and to be able to provide new innovations to the community in creating the RUBIK application as a learning tool, especially Indonesian language subjects. The method in this study uses a quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire conducted by researchers in order to know the respondents' assessment of the RUBIK application in learning. The results of this study indicate that the RUBIK application has meaning in learning and this application is considered by the respondents to be quite attractive, efficient and effective when applied in the learning process. The only drawback in this research is that the learning is one-way. In addition, this application also has obstacles such as the type of smartphone that does not support installing the RUBIK application. And the full memory on the respondent's cellphone hinders the learning process using this RUBIK application.

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes using the Discovery Learning learning model on the theme The Beauty of Togetherness, the sub-theme Togetherness in Diversity in class IV of Sei Beras Sekata Catholic Private Elementary School for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK), the subjects in this research are 25 class IV students, consisting of 11 male students and 14 female students. The data collection techniques used are observation and tests. The results of this research indicate an increase in student learning outcomes. The results of the research in cycle I were 8 students who got a pass mark or 32%, while 17 students who did not complete it or 68% with an average score of 61.96. In Cycle II there were 22 students who met the criteria for completeness or 88%, while there were 3 students who did not complete it or 12% with an average score of 80.32. So there was an increase from cycle I compared to cycle II and it had fulfilled the specified completeness. Furthermore, teacher activity in cycle I observation obtained an average of 72% and in cycle II it increased to 92%, while student activity in the learning process in cycle I obtained an average of 60% and in cycle II it increased to 90%.

The phenomenon of unsatifying education has caused pessimism within society, even some believe that ecucation can no longer guarantee a better future for children so the education institutions must be aware of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats within the institutions which are expected to generate brilliant strategies for the development of the education quality. This research aims to analyze the strategies to improve the quality of education at SDN 008 Tembilahan Hulu, Indragiri Hilir Regency. This research is designed as a qualitative research using survey method in which the data collected are literature study, observation, documents, and interview. The population of this reseach are the entire school community members, but because of the reseach limitation, purposive sampling is chosen so the subject of the reseach are the principal, teachers and staffs, as well as the students’ parents education.. The researh findings are strategies to improve the quality of education as follows: 1) Empowering teachers to use information technology in the teaching and learning process. 2) Enhancing collaboration with external instructors or trainers to support extracurricular activities. 3) Intensifying supervision and monitoring activities by the school principal. 4) Making the Teacher Working Group (KKG) more effective in solving problems encountered by teachers in the teaching and learning process. 5) Developing educational facilities and infrastructure. 6) Transforming the school environment into a learning community through the 7K program (Cleanliness, Orderliness, Beauty, Comfort, Safety, Security, and a Sense of Belonging). 7) Empowering teachers through training programs to improve their performance. 8) Developing ICT-based school facilities for learning. 9) Establishing achievement clubs to develop students' potential. 10) Forming a School Program Evaluation Team. These strategies are expected to maintain, even to improve the educational quality and services at SDN 008 Tembilahan Hulu, Kabupaten Indraguru Hilir.

Teacher performance is something that needs and deserves to be examined in depth. Many factors cause problems related to teacher performance. This article will discuss the influence of time management and teacher commitment on teacher performance at junior high schools in Tualang District, Siak Regency. This research uses a quantitative-descriptive approach. This quantitative descriptive research systematically, actually, and accurately describes certain social phenomena, with the aim of describing in detail the existing facts and data. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The subjects of the research were 107 teachers in public middle schools in Tualang District, Siak Regency. The research results show that 1) time management has a significant positive influence on teacher performance, with a significance value of 0.000 or less than an alpha value of 0.05. 2) Teacher commitment has a significant positive influence on teacher performance, with a significance value of 0.000. 3) Time management and teacher commitment jointly influence teacher performance, with a significance value of 0.000 and an R-Square value of 0.569, indicating that the proportion of influence of time management variables and teacher commitment on teacher performance variables is 56.9%.

This research aims to develop mobile cooking application media in bakery courses to improve soft skill competencies. This research is R&D research. The development model used in this research is the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation & Evaluating) development model. Validation is carried out by material experts and media experts. The results of the needs analysis carried out on lecturers and students show that the mobile cooking application media is very necessary for learning bread. Material expert validation results obtained 90.5% in the very good category and media expert validation results obtained 95% in the very good category. Limited trials obtained 4.54 in the Very Good category. Field trials obtained 4.46 in the Very Good category. From these data it can be concluded that the mobile cooking application media in bakery courses is very suitable for use in learning. It is hoped that this mobile cooking application can help guide and direct students to practice independently. The implication of this research is that the mobile cooking application can be used by teachers and students to access recipe material precisely and in more detail so that students can build their knowledge independently.

This research aims to determine the effect of the scramble type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes on the theme Caring for Animals and Plants class II SDN 040515 Tiga Meeta for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The research method used is an experimental method with a quantitative research type. To obtain the required data, a test instrument of 32 questions is required. The total research sample was 30 students. To determine students' initial abilities, researchers conducted a PreTest with an average score of 59.3 which fell into the category of not meeting the specified KKM. The results of the PostTest have improved from the PreTest results given previously with the average student score reaching 80 in the good category. It can be said that the level of success in student learning outcomes has increased as evidenced by the results of the correlation coefficient test calculation, which obtained rcount≥rtable results with results of 0.799≥0.361. The value obtained tcount>ttable (7.021> 1.697). So it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between the scramble type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes.

The problem in this study is the low interest in student learning in entrepreneurship subjects. The problem that appears is the lack of student involvement and student interest in the learning process. This study aims to analyze students' entrepreneurial learning interests using interactive e-module teaching materials. This research was carried out at SMK Telkom Pekanbaru in class XII TKJ 1. This study used a type of experimental research with the One Group Pretest Posttest Design model. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and observations. The instruments in this study used questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. Data analysis techniques use descriptive analysis, t-test and Normality Gain (N-gain). The results showed that the use of interactive e-module teaching materials can increase students' interest in learning entrepreneurship. This can be seen from the difference in the level of interest in learning entrepreneurship students before and after the use of interactive e-modules shows from low to increase in very high categories. The use of interactive e-modules is effective in increasing students' interest in learning. Thus the conclusion of this study, there is an interest in learning student entrepreneurship with the use of interactive e-modules.

This study aims to determine the effect of school culture on the character education of fourth grade students at SD Negeri 060903 Medan Helvetia. The independent variables in this study are school culture (X) and the dependent variable character education (Y). The method used in this research is a quantitative survey type approach, the sample in this study is 39 students from all grades IV. Data on school culture and character education were obtained from a questionnaire distributed to fourth grade students. Student character education shows that the average value of students is 79.1. Furthermore, the normality test results are at a significant level (α = 0.05) with normal criteria, namely Lcount ≥ Ltable. From the results of school culture, the Lcount value is greater than the Ltable value where Lcount is 0.200 ≥ 0.05 Ltable, so school culture is normally distributed. From the analysis results with SPSS ver 22, a correlation coefficient of 0.857 is obtained, meaning rcount ≥ rtable, so there is an influence of school culture on character education. In the t test conducted, namely tcount ≥ ttable and the results obtained were 10.09 ≥ 1.687, which means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, so there is an influence between school culture on the character education of class IV students at SD Negeri 060903 Medan Helvetia in the 2022/2023 Academic Year.

Character education is the process of providing guidance to students to become complete human beings with character in the dimensions of heart, mind, body, as well as feelings and intentions. The campus is part of the education system, which is a place for students to learn in terms of knowledge transfer and behavior. Character education is important because it teaches habits of thinking and behavior that help individuals to live and work together as a family, community and nation and helps them make accountable decisions. This research is based on the idea of how to determine the level of responsibility, independence and discipline as part of the national character in realizing the achievements of students majoring in Social Sciences at UNRI (Riau State University) and UIN SUSKA (Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University). This research aims to determine the analysis of national character and to determine the hopes and challenges of social studies education students at state universities throughout Pekanbaru City. The number of samples used in this research was 179 students majoring in social studies education at two universities, namely the University of Riau and the Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The analysis technique used in this research is a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the character of discipline is at a score of 83% and then the character of independence gets an average score of 83.9% and then the character of independence gets an average score of 84%. Meanwhile, the never give up attitude received an average score of 83.4%. The research results show that independence gets the highest average score.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of school-based management at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. This research uses interviews and documents to collect data. There were seven participants in this research, including the principal, school committee, deputy principal for curriculum, deputy principal for student affairs, school treasurer, two teachers, and students. The results of this research are that the appointment of School Based Management at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City has been carried out well. First, starting from planning, namely student affairs arrangements from student registration to various activities that can be carried out in the student affairs department. Furthermore, curriculum management and school teaching programs are given the freedom to develop the curriculum. Furthermore, financial management and financing can be seen from the orderly determination of the school budget, the existence of financial transparency. Second, the implementation of SBM for educational staff at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City is good because they have expertise in their respective fields. Facilities and infrastructure management can be seen from the school's efforts to provide facilities and infrastructure, maintenance and development so that it can help the teaching and learning process run smoothly. Third, the financial planning evaluation is conveyed to the school community and the school committee by holding a parent meeting. Reporting on program implementation and finances is done by making reports

Students’ participation in learning is the involvement of all students that is carried out responsibly to support the learning objectives. It can be seen from the indicators, such as asking questions, answering questions, doing assignments, and submitting assignments on time. However, it was found that there is a lack of participation in class XI Science students at a school in Jakarta, especially in the context of post-pandemic adjustment learning where learning is carried out offline and online. The solution implemented as an effort to optimize students’ participation in learning is through applying study in group method. The research method used is descriptive qualitative using an instrument in the form of a portfolio of Field Experience 2 Program activities consisting of observation sheets, mentor feedback, Lesson Plans (RPP), teaching reflections, and students’ assessment recaps. The research results show that student’s participation in learning can be optimized through the application of study in group method. It is seen from the several stages of its implementation, namely conveying procedures and regulations, forming heterogeneous groups with group leaders, delivering material, giving assignments and opportunities for discussion, group presentation sessions, question and answer sessions, and giving awards and conclusions. Suggestions for further research are the need to change the members in the study in group method regularly based on the topics and increase the time allocation for students to work on assignments.

The minimal availability of learning media about basic hair cutting and the lack of maximum student learning outcomes are the basis for developing e-books. This research aims to develop e-book media in basic hair-cutting development courses for cosmetology education students. The development model used is the ADDIE model. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The result of the media needs analysis carried out on students was 96% and the lecturer was 98%, which indicates that media are needed for learning basic hair-cutting. Material expert validation’s average percentage was 88.20%, which is in the very good category. Media expert validation average result was 93.88%, which is in the very good category. The small-scale trial was 92% with the very good category. The medium group trial indicated 92.88% with the very good category. In addition, the large group trial was 94.12% with the very good category. Therefore, e-book media is suitable for use as a learning medium in basic hair-cutting courses. The implication of developing this E-Book is that students can practice and repeat basic hair-cutting independently, and can attract students' interest in the learning process.

This article covers how to plan, organize, implement, and supervise school management in creating education at SMPN 2 Kampar Kiri Hilir District in Kampar. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques use documentation, observation, and interviews. The research subjects involve school principals, deputy principals, teachers, employees/staff, school supervisors, committees, and student representatives at SMPN 2 Kampar Kiri Hilir District in Kampar. The results of the research show that 1) the implementation of the school management planning function in implementing educational process standards at SMPN 2 Kampar Kiri Hilir in Kampar can be categorized as good, 2) the organization of school management in implementing standard educational processes at SMPN 2 Kampar Kiri Hilir in Kampar is good, 3) the implementation of school management in implementing educational process standards at SMPN 2 Kampar Kiri Hilir in Kampar is quite good, and 4) the supervision of school management in implementing standard educational processes at SMPN 2 Kampar Kiri Hilir in Kampar can be classified as good, as seen from the supervision carried out by the principal and school supervisor. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising school management in creating education at SMPN 2 Kampar Kiri Hilir in Kampar overall is applied well.

The Merdeka Curriculum changes the curriculum structure in schools, starting with driving schools as pioneers who adopt and implement P5. The principal selection process for drive schools involves several stages, highlighting the crucial principals' role in implementing P5. Not all schools will be ready to implement this curriculum, especially non-driving schools. This research aims to describe school principal policies, strategies, influence, and supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing P5 and uses a qualitative approach. Data are obtained through observation, interviews with school principals, teachers, students, and documentation. The research results show that school principals’ policies consist of planning, implementation, and evaluation. Planning involves forming a curriculum acceleration team, preparing KOSP, budgeting, and increasing teacher competency. Implementation involves forming a facilitator team, creating P5 modules, and mentoring. The evaluation highlights the improvements in school readiness, teacher assessment, and P5's orientation towards strengthening character rather than products. The P5 strategy includes understanding, preparing the ecosystem, design, management, processing assessment reports, evaluation, and follow-up. Influential aspects at SDN 032 include competent human resources and strategic location, as supporting factors for P5, while the obstacle is the teacher's slow adaptation to curriculum changes. The research results are expected to contribute to improving the P5 implementation in schools.

This paper discusses the influence of educational technology on the learning methods of Aqidah Akhlak with a case study in class VIII A MTs. Al-Isro' Batealit Jepara in the Society 5.0 era. It is an era where society is highly connected to technology. The research in this paper aims to investigate the impact on students and educators. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with observation, interviews, and document analysis as data collection techniques. The research findings show that educational technology has made access to various sources of information related to moral beliefs easier and faster. It resulted in more interactive learning methods with online discussions and forums and provided opportunities for students to participate actively. However, it is essential to exercise caution and ensure careful supervision in the use of educational technology to prevent students from being exposed to inappropriate content that might be inconsistent with religious values and morals. The research in this paper highlights the importance of emphasizing moral and ethical values in the learning process, even in the era of highly connected technology. In addition, the valuable insights on educators can optimize educational technology to improve students' religious understanding and practice.

This paper examines the improvement of students’ learning outcomes by using the scientific learning model assisted by audio-visual media and determines the process of implementing the scientific learning model assisted by audio-visual media in class IV at SD Negeri 116906 in the academic year 2022/2023. The research method used in this research is classroom action research. The research subjects consisted of 26 students. Based on the analysis and discussion of the research, the learning outcomes in individual student pre-tests were five students who completed the classical test, which indicates 17% with an average score of 46.5. In cycle I, 13 students individually completed the results with a classical score of 43% and an average score of 60.76. In cycle II, 25 students individually completed the results with a classical score of 83% and an average score of 79.8. It shows that in cycle I to cycle II there was an increase. Based on the result of learning implementation using the scientific learning model assisted by audio-visual media, teacher activity observation in cycle I was 62% in the sufficient category and in cycle II it increased to 88% in the very high-quality category. Meanwhile, the results of student activity observation in cycle I indicated 66% in the sufficient category and in cycle II it increased to 86% in the good category. Thus, the scientific learning model assisted by audio-visual media can improve students’ learning outcomes.

This paper discusses the effect of the problem-based learning model on students’ learning outcomes in theme 8 of the area where I live in class IV SD. The study in this paper uses associative quantitative methods. The research population involves 31 fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 065013 Tanjung Sari Medan. The sampling uses a purposive sample and there are 31 students. The results indicate that students’ learning outcomes using the problem-based learning model are included in the good category with an average of 78.19 with a correlation test result of 0.977, which means rcount 0.977 ≥ rtable 0.355, then Ha is accepted. Therefore, there is a significant effect between the use of the problem-based learning model on students’ learning outcomes on the theme of the area where I live in class IV SD Negeri 065013 Tanjung Sari Medan. It can be seen from the results of the T-test where tcount 24.598 ≥ ttable 2.045 so that Ha is accepted. As a result, there is a significant positive effect from the use of the problem-based learning model on student’s learning outcomes in theme 8 of the area where I live in class IV SD Negeri 065013 Tanjung Sari Medan in the academic year 2022/2023.

Teacher performance is required to be examined in depth. The factors that lead to the problems are related to teacher performance. Hence, this paper examines the in-depth influence of the principal's leadership and work culture on teacher performance at SDN Limapuluh Pekanbaru. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The research subjects involved 142 teachers at SDN Limapuluh Pekanbaru. The sample of the research was carried out using Proportional Random Sampling, namely a method of taking samples from members of the population using a random method without paying attention to the strata in the population. The research results indicate that 1) the principal's leadership has a significant positive influence on teacher performance with a significance value of 0.000 or less than an alpha value of 0.05, 2) work culture has a significant positive influence on teacher performance with a significance value of 0.000, and 3) the principal's leadership and work culture jointly influence teacher performance with a significance value of 0.000 and an R-Square value of 0.758. This indicates that the proportion of influence of the principal's leadership and work culture variables on the teacher performance variable is 75.8%.

This paper examines the further implementation of the principal's policy regarding character education at the As-Syafi'iyah Integrated Islamic Elementary School Pekanbaru. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques use documentation, observation, and interviews. The research subjects involved school principals, foundations, committees, curriculum leaders, teachers, the community around the school, and students at SDIT As-Syafi'iyah Pekanbaru. The results show that 1) the principal's policy in implementing character education at SDIT As-Syafi'iyah Pekanbaru in terms of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising has gone well. This is because the school principal has created a program to help the implementation of character values. In addition, 2) the description of the implementation of character education at SDIT As-Syafi'iyah Pekanbaru shows that both the principal and teachers at SDIT As-Syafi'iyah Pekanbaru pay attention to the character of students at school, even though there are still some students who are negligent sometimes. Furthermore, 3) supporting factors that can influence the formation of students' character are motivation, encouragement, and parental support. In the implementation of character education, there are still several inhibiting factors, including the fact that there are still some students who have less harmonious family backgrounds, the students' characters are different, and learning facilities are still lacking. In conclusion, 4) the solutions are being implemented in implementing character education values in SDIT As-Syafi'iyah Pekanbaru to overcome the problem of strengthening character education for students. The participation of students' parents at school are effort to ensure that the rules in the policy implementing character education are implemented well.

Thematic learning is an integrated learning that focuses on student involvement in the learning of each sub-theme. The research in this paper is to uncover and explain the teacher's skills in managing the class for the fifth-grade students' thematic learning at SD Khatolik St. Vincentius Noongan. The researchers used qualitative research methods with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analyses were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research result indicates that there are two types of class management in theme learning, non-physical and physical class management. Caring, firmness, change, and high standards comprise non-physical classroom management. Meanwhile, physical classroom management entails rearranging the blackboard's position, seating adjustment, bulletin boards, and window rearrangement in the classroom. Thematic learning is unusual in that it takes a teacher's inventiveness to manage the class. Of course, this management is dependent on the qualities and requirements of the pupils. Because each student's demands are unique, we must make the class as appealing as feasible while managing it.

As of COVID-19, instruction methods are once again being optimized through enticing education, which has been going strong for the past year. Every institution of higher learning that exists in Indonesia, from elementary schools to universities, is targeted by offline learning. SDN 3 Timpag Kabupaten Tabanan is the only primary school now operating under an offline curriculum. But as of right now, SDN 3 Timpag is experiencing a few setbacks, particularly when it comes to the implementation of the teaching method for students who previously studied using the online learning method. The research uses a qualitative approach as a method of analysis. The term "qualitative research" refers to research that uses non-angular literature and data as a component of the study. The current study makes use of literary research studies and analysis related to the current phenomenon. Studying literature is one method that encourages researchers to collect data through reading a variety of documents, printed and digital. The research findings that would be made are related to the objectives of the use of the Cascading model of instruction for the students at SDN 3 Timpag. The cascading learning model is organized using five stages, including formulating cascading materials, orientation, grouping, determination of materials, presentation, and evaluation. These five stages play a crucial role in the development of the learning system at SDN 3 Timpag, especially in shaping students' perspectives related to tourism objects to be integrated into English language learning materials. In addition, the researcher conducted a SWOT analysis, where it was found that the internal threat factor is students who have not been able to adapt to the new learning model, and the external factor is students who have experienced learning loss and will find it more challenging to develop creative thinking skills.

This paper discusses the use of the Time Token learning model for students’ learning outcomes in class V at SD Negeri 060938 Medan Johor in the academic year 2022/2023. Quantitative research methods are used in this study. The research population is 30 fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 060938 Medan Johor. The sampling is probability sampling samples for 30 students. The research result indicates that students’ students’ learning outcomes using the Time Token model are in the very good category with an average score of 80.3. The result of a correlation coefficient is 0.701, which means that if rcount 0.701 ≥ rtable 0.361, Ha is accepted. Hence, there is a significant effect of the Time Token learning model on students’ learning outcomes in class V at SD Negeri 060938 Medan Johor. It can also be seen from the results of the t-test, tcount 5.196 ≥ ttable 1.701 means Ha is accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant positive effect from the use of the Time Token learning model on students’ learning outcomes in class V at SD Negeri 060938 Medan Johor in the academic year 2022/2023.

This paper describes how the assignment method can improve teachers' abilities in analyzing SK and KD at SMPN 1 Tapung Hulu Kampar. Based on the description of the background, problem identification, and problem limitation, the focus of the research is related to the implementation of assignment methods to improve teachers' abilities in analyzing SK and KD at SMPN 1 Tapung Hulu Kampar. The research action hypothesis is "if the assignment method is applied, it can improve teachers' abilities in analyzing SK and KD at SMPN 1 Tapung Hulu Kampar Regency”. The type of research is school action research (PTS), which stands for determining the success of implementing the assignment method to improve teachers' abilities in analyzing SK and KD at SMPN 1 Tapung Hulu Kampar. The research location is at SMPN 1 Tapung Hulu Kampar. This research was carried out in February 2023 and the number of samples in the research was 28 teachers. Based on the description of data processing and discussion, it is concluded that the teacher's ability to analyze SK and KD was found in cycle I at 64.5% in the quite good category and in cycle II it increased to 77.9% in the good category.

Teacher performance is something that needs and deserves to be examined in depth. Many factors cause problems related to teacher performance. This article covers the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) skills and work culture on the performance of state junior high school teachers in the Bangkinang districts of Kampar. This research uses a quantitative-descriptive approach. The quantitative-descriptive research systematically, actually, and accurately describes certain social phenomena to describe the existing facts and data in detail. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The subjects of the research were 55 teachers at state junior high schools in Bangkinang. The results show that 1) information and communication technology (ICT) skill has a significant positive influence on teacher performance with a significance value of 0.002 or smaller than the alpha value of 0.05. In addition, 2) work culture has a significant positive influence on teacher performance with a significance value of 0.001. And, 3) information and communication technology (ICT) skill and work culture have a joint influence on teacher performance with a significance value of 0.000 and an R-square value of 0.403, which indicates that the proportion of influence of the variables information and communication technology (ICT) skill and work culture on teacher performance is 40.3%.

This paper discusses the influence of the contextual teaching and learning model on students’ learning outcomes on the beautiful theme of togetherness in Grade IV at SD Negeri 065013 Medan in the academic year 2023/2024. This study uses the quantitative method. The research population involved 30 grade IV students at SD 065013 Medan. The results imply that before the treatment students had an average learning outcome of 58.80 and the students did not meet the KKM. In addition, after being given the treatment, students had an average learning outcome of 82.63. With a normality testing result of 0.200, the conclusion is that the data are normally distributed. The result of the correlation test is 0.761, which means rcount (0.761) > rtable (0.361), then Ha is accepted. Therefore, there is a significant influence between the use of the contextual teaching and learning model on the student’s learning outcomes in grade IV at SD Negeri 065013 Medan. It can be seen from the results of the t-test where the tcount 6.214 > ttable 2.042 so Ha is accepted. This shows that there is a significant positive influence from the use of the contextual teaching and learning model on students’ learning outcomes on the beautiful theme of togetherness in grade IV at SD Negeri 065013 Medan in the academic year 2023/2024

Technological advances require lecturers to be more active in developing learning media so that they can help students participate more actively in learning independently. This research aims to develop e-dictionary-based media in food science courses. The media development model adopts the Brog and Gall procedure. Media validation is carried out by material and media experts. The results of the needs analysis indicate that e-dictionary-based media is highly needed in food science courses. The material expert validation percentage indicates 84% in the good category. The media validation result is 88% in the very good category. The result of limited trials conducted on students is 87% in the very good category. The result of the field trials is 88.25% in the very good category. As a result, it can be concluded that e-dictionary-based learning media is suitable for use in food science courses, especially in the introduction of cooking herbs and spices. With e-dictionary-based media, it is expected that it can become a learning innovation that collaborates with Android cell phone technology.

This paper discusses the low professionalism of school principals in elementary schools in Tapung Hilir Districts of Kampar. Based on temporary observations, it is generally seen that school principals, especially in elementary schools in Tapung Hilir Districts of Kampar, do not meet the qualifications of professional principals. It indicates that 1) the appointment of school principals was not transparent, 2) the low mental level of school principals was characterized by a lack of motivation and enthusiasm in carrying out their duties, 3) principals often came late, and 4) the principal's insight did not appear to be broad. The type of research is School Action Research with a Kemmis and Mc model research design. Taggart is a spiral from one cycle to the next. The research population involved 11 school principals in SD in Tapung Hilir Districts of Kampar and the entire population was used as a sample. Based on the description of data processing and discussion, it was concluded that the professionalism of school principals in cycle I was 71.8% with the good category and in cycle II it increased to 83.9% with the good category. This means that the mentoring method is able to increase the professionalism of school principals in elementary schools in Tapung Hilir Districts of Kampar and is said to be successful.

This paper explains the effect of basic literacy activity on the reading interest of grade V students at UPT SD Negeri 068008 Medan Tuntungan for the academic year 2022/2023. The study uses quantitative methods. The research population is 29 fifth-grade students of UPT SD Negeri 068008 Medan Tuntungan. The sampling uses saturated samples for 29 VA class students. The result implies that the student’s average score is 82.2, which is in the moderate category before the treatment. Based on the normality test result at 0.936, the data are normally distributed. The result of the correlation test is 0.720, which means rcount 0.720 ≥ rtable 0.367, then Ha is accepted. Thus, there is a considerable effect between basic literacy activity on students' reading interest in class V UPT SD Negeri 068008 Medan Tuntungan. It can be seen from the T-test result where the tcount 5,391 ≥ ttable 1,703 so Ha is accepted. Hence, there is a significant positive effect of basic literacy activity on students' reading interest in class V of UPT SD Negeri 068008 Medan Tuntungan for the academic year 2022/2023.

The impoverished and indigenous peoples are the most seriously affected groups in the Philippines' abrupt shift in curriculum due to the risk of the COVID-19 outbreak who reside in rural areas where the provision of basic services has been challenging. This study aims to determine the challenges faced by indigenous children in the self-learning module. Using a researcher-made validated semi-structured interview, the study implemented a qualitative narrative research method design wherein responses were gathered from participants' interviews, experiences, and challenges encountered in the self-learning module. The participants of the study were two (2) kindergarten parents and one (1) grade 3 parent from Sitio Poquiz Maasin, San Clemente, Tarlac, Philippines. As an outcome, the pandemic affects the learning of indigenous children. Loss of motivation showed that learners were becoming lazy when answering and completing their modules. The learners also showed they had challenges in concentrating, which has an effect on the learning and teaching experiences. Because of their parents' limited education, challenges in understanding the module were noted, and unclear instructions in the modules made it challenging for students to answer. Despite these challenges, the researchers lay out some alternative ways and interventions that can be utilized to cope up with the new normal education.

This paper examines the development, feasibility, and response of students about animated video media using the Powtoon application in order to increase students’ learning motivation in theme 8 of My Living Area on Subtheme 1 of My Living Environment Learning 1 in Class IV SD ST. Antonius Bangun Mulia Medan. The research is a research and development using the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research subjects are four validators, namely one validator of learning media design experts, two experts in learning media materials, and one education practitioner who is carried out by class teachers. The sample consists of 30 students. Data collection techniques are tests, questionnaires, and documentation. Based on data analysis, it is concluded that animated video media using the Powtoon application to increase students’ motivation in learning result is "Very Feasible", which was used with details of the average scores obtained by media and material experts with a final score at 100%, the media at 87.98% and material experts at 100% with the same category. In terms of practicality, the teacher's average score is 100% with the category "Very Feasible". The results of the question reliability are 0.900 with a very strong category and the results of the questionnaire reliability were 0.878 with a very strong category. Results of the coefficient Sis at 0.855 so it can be concluded that there is a significant effect. At the last stage, the summary model result, which is proven by the value of R Square or Coefficient of Determination (KD), is 73.1% so it can be concluded that Ho isrejected, which means that there is an improvement in learning motivation after students use the animated video media Powtoon application in class IV SD ST. Antonius Bangun Mulia Medan.

This paper examines the Akidah Akhlak teacher's strategy, obstacles, and solutions in forming students' responsible attitudes. The research uses qualitative methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results indicate that the Akidah Akhlak teacher's strategy in forming the students’ responsible attitude is providing reward and punishment, motivation, and a personal approach. Meanwhile, the Akidah Akhlak teacher's obstacles in forming students' responsible attitudes come from the student's personality, the parents who are less supportive, and the wrong association. The solutions carried out by the Akidah Akhlak teacher come from the cooperation between the teacher and the student’s parents and building intensive communication and come from the teacher who gives positive thoughts to students and puts a little positive support to students in giving assignments. This research can provide an overview and contribution to increasing the students’ responsible attitude that must always be sought by the teacher, and the importance of the parent’s role in constructing a responsible attitude of students.