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Tradition of scıence ın İslam can be defined as a process covering all fields of sciences which are classified as natural sciences, humanities, social sciences and theology. Within this framework, disciplines of theology in general and Kalam discipline in particular is the leading one that gives its character to Islamic science approach. From this perspective, it can be argued that there is a strong relationship between the developmental phases of Kalam discipline and history of science in Islam. Therefore, it is logical to consider the developmental phases of Kalam discipline in relation to history of science in Islam in order to have a deeper understanding of these phases. In this respect, the purpose of the study is to have periodical evaluations about the history of science in Islam and discuss how Kalam discipline had influence on history of science in Islam and how it was influenced by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an area as a ‚impossible' in Kalam. Usually associated with this area is known as ‚muhal' identified a number of provisions and knownledge-existence area is shaped according to these provisions. This work will be pointed to the source of muhal in Kalam implicates the use of muhal. Unlike similar studies on this subject will not be the main axis segretion necessary, possible and impossible, impossible will only be revealed. In this sense, muhal carries a directional double meaning in terms of epistemology and ontology. Theologians, especially in terms of negation have used muhal as a linguistic and logical very active. This revealed impossible as a intermediate word between necesary and possible. Then, the original meaning of impossible is to create a defense of theologians as expressed in the understanding of existence as said the word. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article charts studies on al-Zamakhsharī and his writings in Turkey and the West. It analyzes these studies by classifying under the categories of book, article, graduate studies (dissertations), and translations/edition. And it considers them chronologically according to their date of publication. In Turkey, the main field of research of al-Zamakhsharī studies is the discipline of Qur'anic exegesis, though he was considered more a theologian. On the other hand, among the dissertations in the field of tafsīr, the percentage of the al-Zamakhsharī researches is remarkably much more than the other prominent exegetes. His works both are the main sources and the subject of these studies. As for the West, in the XVIII-XIX. centuries, al- Zamakhsharī and his works are the core of philological/linguistics researches. However he has been the subject of the recent studies (XX-XXI. centuries) as an exegete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Ghazali establishes his theory of knowledge on a separation between the phenomenological and the metaphysical worlds. On this basis, he believes that the sensual perception is only possible in the phenomenological field whereas an absolute perception is not possible in the metaphysical field. Thus al-Ghazali opines that the universal and objective knowledge about ma'rifatallah is only possible through revelation, which has been already sealed; the other possible way is through inspiration and self-exploration though it is limited, particular and subjective. Al-Ghazali persistently emphasizes that achieving ma'rifatallah by means of the universe and what it contains, all of which is the acts of Allah, is the one and only universal way open to everybody. Within this framework, he claims that the science of kalam will perform an honourable duty by producing arguments with the guidance of revelation and without forgetting the purpose of existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profoundness of Tirmidhi, a prominent hadith scholar, put him in the level of mujtehid. Along with this, his works in the "causes" field makes him a powerful hadith critique. Some scholars think that his work should be in the third place after "Sahihayn" due to his authority in the fields of "cause", "rebuttal" and "modification". Apart from this, when he could not find a strong hadith on a subject that wanted to include in his book, he included weak hadiths, only after analyzing and stating the chain of narration and the credibility of the narrator. While selecting the hadiths, he paid attention that a faqih had cited it as evidence. In this respect, he stated that all the hadiths in his book were reliable to be practiced, only two of them excluded. We are going to discuss his hadith on faith within the system of the science of kalām. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metaphor (majâz)-centered interpretation (ta'wîl) of the mutakallimūn, determined defenders of monotheism, was a main concern in their understanding of Scripture. Mutakallimun also applied this method to their criticism of Christians. Besides rational inferences, they applied ta'wil when they criticize Christian theology which mainly based on the deity of Jesus Christ. In this article Mutakallimūn allegory-centered interpretations of the Bible, which are related to father-son description the essence of trinity, is examined. First of all, lexical usages of father-son phrases in the old and New Testament is dealt with. In terms of the truth-metaphor distinction, interpretations of these phrases by mutakallimūn have been discussed. Consequently, mutakallimūn criticized the conception of Holy Father-Son via two approaches: making confutation it by reasonable deduction and interpretation on the Biblical texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logic particularly that of Aristotelian arose with the Greek tradition but it was developed by Muslim logicians from early times in the context of certain specific issues. al-Kindi al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, Semerkandi, Katibi, Ghazali, Razi are some of the important logicians. Logic was not limited to the field of philosophy. Apart from the first period the "Mantiq" was one of the most important fields of science in Islamic world. Logic is the discipline of valid reasoning, inference and demonstration. With this structure logic and the study of logic was closely related to other fields of science. Fuqahâ benefited from the logic in the context of the inference, evidence and judgment. Mutekellimûn also benefited from the logic for inference, evidence and especially for the defense of faith. In this article the logic and structure of the Islamic sciences and relationships with each other are discussed in a general outlook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İnsanoğlu yaratılışının üzerine bina edildiği fıtratındaki kanunlar gereği varlığını, yaşamını, inanç ve düşüncelerini hep bir asla dayandırma gayreti içinde olmuştur. Böylece inandığı ve yaşamaya çalıştığı dini için de bir asıl arayışı içinde olmuştur. İslâm düşünce tarihine baktığımız zaman bugün kelâm olarak bilinen ilmin başlangıçta "usûlü'd-dîn" olarak isimlendirilmesi bunun en bariz örneğidir. Diğer taraftan bu "aslın" dal, kol ve şubeleri konumunda olan fer‘i hususları görmekteyiz. Güncel söylemler içerisinde ise aslîlik ve fer'îlik bağlamında kelâm-fıkıh ilişkisi önemini korumaktadır. Bu nedenle makalede asıl ve ferʻ hakkında genel tespitten sonra "aslîlik ve fer'îlik bağlamında kelâm-fıkıh ilişkisi" ni ele almaya çalıştık. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ash'arî sect has a deep and insightful accumulation and heritage in history. Among theological school in Ottoman times this sect was by far the most effective one and it worth wondering how it succeeded that. Although the Ottoman State was Hanafite the madrasas followed an Ash'arî curriculum. Of course starting from the first curriculum that copied that of Egypt theological schools had a profound effect on this regard. Our study deals with probable psychological and methodological reasons of this success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alâüddin Buhârî, a theologian, is one of the students of Taftazânî. As he was an inspecting scholar by nature like Taftazani, although he was the member of Hanafi sect, acted sometimes like an Ash'ari on some issues and like a Mâtûrîdî some other time. His work "Risaletun fi'l-İtikad" is a good example of the fusion or merge between Ash'ari and Mâtûrîdî thought which began to show its effect in the 13th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intense discussions of Mutazilite and Sunnite theologians on the createdness of the holy Qur'an, this theory got a doctrinal facet supported by religious and rational arguments. This theory bases itself on the principle that God can create His speech however He wills, as He creates everything as He wish via His attributes of power, will and actions. Whether the eternal or temporal character has the priority is the focal point in the discussion. The spatial or phenomenal character of the divine speech and its transcendental or meta-character and their convergence point is under debate. Our paper tackles this issue from Mu'tazili point of view, i.e. their arguments around the createdness of the holy Qur'an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been done to show the effect of teaching Kalam on the individual innovativeness levels -ethical maturity levels of Faculty of Theology Primary School Religious Culture and Moral Education Teaching Department 2nd and 3rd grade students. The target population of the study consists of 2nd and 3rd grade students of Atatürk, Ankara, Marmara, Istanbul, Fırat, Rize, Dicle and Çukurova Universities, Faculty of Theology Primary School Religious Culture and Moral Education Teaching Departments in the academic year 2012-2013. In order to collect data to the study a questionnaire form, which contains two scales that were developed so as to determine the individual innovativeness and maturity levels of students, was used. In the study, it is seen that the ethical maturity levels of students are quite high, innovativeness levels are on "pioneer" level which is the second level of individual innovativeness. According to the concluded results, it is seen that when the individual innovativeness levels increase; ethical maturity levels increase and when the individual innovativeness levels decrease; ethical maturity levels decrease, too. According to the statistical analyses within the scope of the study, there is a significant difference between students' individual innovativeness levels and ethical maturity levels. In order for Kalam lessons to improve the ethical maturity and innovativeness levels, it is advised that the content and the gains of lesson should be arranged according to these qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important points of dispute in Kalam to be seen is what the ''kalam'' is, or the nature of divine nature of 'kalam'. This problem is still under debate in terms of both linguistic and theological aspects of the issue. In this framework Mu'tazilite aims to create a sound foundation, primariliy in the phenomenological context. In this sense Abu Hashim al-Cubbai is questioning the aspects of ''kalam'' in its relation with sound and letter. Because the degree of this relation has a decisive effect on the conceptual framework and the meaning of ''kalam''s that relation will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is on the work called al-Majmû' fi'l-Muhît bi't-Teklîf and its belonging subject. al-Majmû' fi'l-Muhît bi't-Teklîf is a unique work of Kalâm, containing both dakîku'l-kalâm subjects like; substance, accident, body, movement; and also celîlu'l-kalâm subjects like theology, prophethood and the last day. El- Majmû', formed as four volumes, investigated publication of the first three volumes has been published and the work of investigation of the last volume has started. Both in classic Works and today's studies, al-Majmû' is sometimes related to Kadî Abdülcebbâr (d. 415/1025) and sometimes to Ibn Mattawayh (d. 469/1077) also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many religions and religious societies, Qadar has been a subject of discussion for centuries and been debated under the title of human freedom and the following sub-titles: is human free in his actions? What is the limit of his power? If there is any given limit, then what sort of freedom are we talking about? If he is limited in all areas, what about his responsibility? It goes without saying that these titles are vital ones both in academic and popular level. The following article takes Sakarya case as an example and examines predestination issue in a popular level. The fact that Sakarya people lived the fatal earthquake in 1999 makes the subject very crucial for us; both in theological and sociological base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars and thinkers in medieval times mostly rested their methodology on dialectical theology (jadal). Among those who opted for this methodology were Muslim theologians who had to some extend Aristotelian impact. Besides its rational buildup this methods has other characteristics. In this article, by far the most influential Muslim theologian Abu al-Hasan al- Ash'arî and his theological method will be handled in terms of attaining true knowledge and its value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Der Islam" and "Die Welt des Islams" are two basic German journals, in which were published articles only about Islam and the Muslims. That was an important different between these both journals and ZDGM, before them. These journals are further important that they reflect the colonialpolitic of Germany in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]