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The study of rheological properties of the blood in 115 patients with acute venous thrombosis showed that in 73% of cases haemorheological disorders participate in the pathogenesis of the thrombus formation, in 27% the disease runs a course with the normal rheological characteristics of the blood. The increase of the blood viscosity in venous thrombosis has a multifactorial character and depends on the degree of aggregation of the erythrocytes the cell Z-potential, dys- and hyperproteinaemia. In this respect it is essential to approach the problem differentially to correct haemorheological disturbances and disorders of the coagulation system of the blood in patients with venous thrombosis.

The article deals with chronic pulmonary hypertension consequent upon thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. From experience gained in the treatment of 15 patients 4 of whom underwent operation, the authors discuss the pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Ultrasonic scanning was used in 115 patients with suspected occlusion of vena cava inferior. Details of ultrasonic diagnosis of non-occlusive and occlusive thrombosis of vena cava inferior and vena cava compression from the outside, monitoring of the thrombosed vena cava and the antiembolic cava filter are discussed.

The study is based on data of radiopaque investigation of pulmonary vessels in 400 patients with pulmonary arterial thromboembolism. A retrospective assessment of noncontrast chest roentgenograms was carried out in 200 of those. Conventional pulmonary roentgenology was shown to be a fairly unreliable tool of the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism owing to low specificity of the symptoms. Only arterial filling defects and "amputations" may be regarded as specific angiographic signs of thromboembolism. The value of indirect angiographic symptoms was demonstrated. Angiographic semiotics of embolism was studied with reference to the duration of the affection. Vascular filling defects and stenoses are angiographic markers of prolonged presence of thromboemboli in pulmonary arteries.

The article is concerned with the methods used in the diagnosis of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. It is based on the experience in the examination of 160 patients admitted to the clinic with suspected pulmonary embolism, in 134 of whom the diagnosis was confirmed. The diagnostic possibilities of noncontrast X-ray examination of the lungs, electrocardio- and rheopneumography, catheterization of the heart and angiopneumography, and perfusion scan of the lungs are appraised.

Radiopaque and radio-isotope findings in the pulmonary arterial channel in 43 patients with postembolic lesions of the pulmonary trunk and its major branches are reported. Angiographic and scanographic symptoms are described. The significance of detected systolic-pressure gradient in the probing of pulmonary vessels is demonstrated. Possible sources of diagnostic errors are analysed, and ways of eliminating them are suggested. Total and selective multipositional angiopulmonography is believed to be the principal method of diagnosing this condition, while pulmonary scanning only allows topical diagnosis in cases of markedly stenosed major pulmonary arteries.