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A novel and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst has been prepared through the wet impregnation of copper(I) species onto the highly porous chitosan microspheres (CuI/PCMS). This novel CuI/PCMS heterogeneous catalyst with no additional ligands is much better than CuI homogeneous catalysts when applied in Heck reactions. Moreover, the reaction conditions are much milder than those for the similar copper catalysts mediated cross-coupling reactions reported in the literature. PCMS has been demonstrated not only the excellent solid support, but also have many unique functional groups to chelate the copper (I) species to enhance its catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel multi-SOH functionalized ionic liquid is synthesized and a detailed account of its catalytic activities in acetalization and acetylation is given. The results showed that the ionic liquid is very efficient in the conventional acid-catalyzed reactions with good to excellent yields within a short reaction time. Operational simplicity, small amounts required, low cost of the catalyst, high yields, scalability and reusability are the key features of this methodology, which indicates the high potentialities of the novel ionic liquid to be used in environmentally friendly processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]