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Objective. To determine the possibility of prognostication of unfavorable course of postoperative period in the aspect of the planned pancreaticoduodenal resection for focal affection of pancreaticoduodenal zone on background of obturation jaundice. Materials and methods. The pancreatic head cancer was verified in 174 (64.0%) patients, cancer of the duodenal papilla magna - in 20 (7.4%), cancer of distal hepaticocholedochus - in 24 (8.8%), chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis - in 54 (20.0%) patients. In the main group (112 patients) preparation to operative intervention was conducted in accordance to elaborated algorithm, and in a control group (160 patients) - in accordance to conventional standards. Results. Pancreaticoduodenal resection with formation of termino-lateral anastomosis in accordance to Whipple procedure was performed in 38 (14.0%) patients, termino-terminal anastomosis in accordance to procedure of Shalimov-Kopchak - in 40 (14.7%), ductomucous pancreaticojejunoanastomosis - in 127 (46.7%), pancreaticogastroanastomosis with invagination of the pancreatic stump into the gastric stump - in 35 (12.9%), pancreaticogastrostomy with deepening of the pancreatic stump into the sleeve, made of the big gastric curvature - in 32 (11.8%). Insufficiency of pancreaticodigestive anastomosis have occurred in 32 (11.8%) patients. Mortality have constituted 5.1%.

In 90 patients, operated on for morbid obesity (МО), the regimes of ventilation for pressure and volume, their impact on biomechanics of respiration and the gas exchange indices were studied. Objective. To compare the impact of artificial pulmonary ventilation (APV) in regime of the forced ventilation for volume and pressure on respiratory system of patients, suffering MO. Маterials and methods. Investigation of 90 patients, operated for MO, was conducted. Body mass index (BMI) of all the patients have exceeded 40 kg/m2. Depending on regime of guided pulmonary ventilation the patients were divided on two groups: Group I (n = 46) – APV with control for volume (VCV), Group II (n = 44) – APV with control for pressure (PCV). Intraoperatively the arterial blood gases level was measured and the respiratory mechanics indices registered. Results. In Group I (VCV) the average respiratory volume have constituted (11.5 ± 4.3) ml/kg, calculated for ideal body mass, and in Group II PCV – (9.4 ± 3.2) ml/kg. At the end of operation the level of the oxygen partial pressure in arterial blood (РаО2) was trustworthily higher in a PCV group (14.8 ± 4.0) kPa (110.8 ± 29.7 mm Hg), comparing with a VCV group – (12.5 ± 1.3) kPa (93.5 ± 9.9 mm Hg). Conclusion. The investigation conducted have revealed, that essential difference in patients with MО between APV with VCV and APV with PCV in the patients is absent.

Examined were 92 patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis, who were admitted to the hospital for the elective operative intervention. In these patients before the operation, T-lymphocytopenia, reduction of the helpers/suppressors index, number of the theophylline-resistant lymphocytes, IgA level in the blood serum, increase of the CIC number were noted.