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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the concept of "practical wisdom" which may be defined as the ability to effectively manage one's rational knowledge and to read and respond appropriately to the interplay of other people's emotions and one's own and their values. The aims of this study also are (1) to investigate the relationship between the spiritual, emotional and rational capacities which underpin practical wisdom and (2) to analyse the relationship between the practical wisdom co-created in and between individuals through these three capacities. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a case study methodology by considering the experience provided by a group of hikers who organized a trip to cross the island of Gran Canarias and its natural parks. Findings: This study proposes that the presence of spiritual, emotional or rational capacities can boost individual self-awareness, self-control and empathy, which can help workers in general and knowledge workers, in particular, more effectively tackle difficult situations, remain calm and collectively develop and enact appropriate responses to these situations. Therefore, results show that the concept of practical wisdom allows for the identification of both the nature of the capacities that contribute to the effective handling of difficult situations and them and the balance that needs to be developed between them. Practical implications: For knowledge workers, the study provides a framework and an explanatory framework to help them understand how rational, spiritual and emotional capacities both interact and are operationalized to tackle difficult problems. Furthermore, it enables them to identify situations where success to consider such interactions, leads to develop and implement appropriate responses to such situations. Originality/value: A proper balance of emotional, rational and spiritual capacities may enable people to have a more holistic vision of difficult situations, allowing the finding of appropriate solutions to complex problems (i.e. practical wisdom). This study contributes to strengthening knowledge workers' perception and understanding of the links between the knowledge stocks and knowledge flows that relate to a practical perspective of wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between relational capital produced by universities and knowledge structures, which include both the capacities and competencies that students have learned and the capabilities they have put into practice. Design/methodology/approach: To analyse research data and test the proposed model, partial least squares structural equation modelling (SmartPLS 3.2.9) is used on a sample of 125 students of a Spanish university. Findings: The results of the study demonstrate that the creation of relational capital by universities will depend largely on how students' capacity is supplemented and merged with students' competency to develop synergies that increase the students' capability to give an additional value to the community members. Originality/value: This study allows an in-depth analysis of the cause and effect link between the knowledge structures and support the members of higher educational institutions to understand how to achieve relational capital in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the influence of learning culture (LC) and transformational leadership (TL) on knowledge application (KA) in the school context. Mediation analysis is used to quantify the effects that the LC has on the application of leadership, mediated by TL. Design/methodology/approach: The method involves two samples of subjects – school managers and teaching staff – from 17 educational organisations. This study used the partial least squares method in the SmartPLS. Findings: The results prove an effect of total mediation of TL. Originality/value: This study highlights the importance of KA in educational organisations and propounds the responsibility of leadership in educational management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to categorise the approaches to knowledge management (KM) by companies. In the literature, there is no consensus on a universal or "best" approach to KM. Especially, this paper singles out and discusses the variegated features that characterise the implementation of KM by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) having different characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: A cluster analysis was used to detect the possible distinct traits of companies that have different approaches to KM. The unit of analysis is represented by small- and medium-sized knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) firms. Data were collected by means of an extensive survey of 223 companies in different European countries and sectors. Findings: Three clusters were identified: Companies showing a relative "unconscious" attention to KM and implementing KM practices without particular awareness; Companies adopting a more conscious approach and using a significant number of KM practices; and companies with a marginal propensity towards KM. Research limitations/implications: This study considers only KIBS, and future research should include other economic sectors. In addition, a convenience sample was used. Practical implications: This paper improves awareness of managers of small companies concerning different KM approaches that can be adopted. It highlights that a conscious adoption of a KM strategy involves the introduction of a set of consistent practices. Originality/value: The topic of KM approaches by small companies is still underdeveloped in the literature. Also, the paper proposes a multi-contextual investigation that makes it possible to highlight the transversality of KM approaches across different countries or sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]