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Competing Interests: The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health invited a group of decision makers from countries and organisations to form an Advisory Committee and to discuss and provide feedback on a first draft of their report. The Advisory Committee constituted a diverse set of perspectives, and this Comment does not necessarily reflect the views of all members. The Norwegian Development Cooperation Agency (Norad), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and GIZ Germany supported the work of the Commission; meeting costs were supported by the Commission but travel and hotel costs were met by individual attendees. AD is a Senior Health Advisor to Norad and a Policy Advisor to the Bergen Center for Ethics and Priority Setting. SA is the Assistant Director-General, Data, Analytics, and Delivery for Impact, WHO, Geneva and a former Chief of the Global NCD Unit, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CB is the Director for Global Health Diplomacy, Joep Lange Institute, Geneva and a former Director of External Relations for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. MB is the Chief Director of the National Treasury of South Africa. SE is a former Director of the Global Health Strategy Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan, is Deputy Assistant Minister for Global Health at the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, is the Director for Planning and Coordination at the National Institute of Public Health, Japan, and is a Visiting Lecturer in the Department of Global Health Policy at the University of Tokyo, Japan. HF is the Director of Health for UNICEF and a former Executive Director of the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health. GG is the President for Global Policy & Advocacy for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. GL is the Executive Director of Charities and Community at The Hong Kong Jockey Club, is Honorary Clinical Professor at the University of Hong Kong, and is a former Dean of Medicine and inaugural Helen and Francis Zimmern Professor in Population Health at the University of Hong Kong. SN is Executive Head of G20 Joint Finance and Health Task Force at WHO and is a former Deputy Director of Global Issues and Governance and a former Deputy Director, Head of Vaccines, Global Health and Climate at HM Treasury, UK. JN is the Technical Director, Management Sciences for Health and Professor of Health Economics at the School of Public Health, University of Ghana and a former head of the Health Economics Unit at Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. J-AR is the Chief Executive Officer of The Wellcome Trust and a former Ambassador for Global Health, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway. OS is a Social Policy Special Adviser to the President of South Africa and the President and Chief Executive Officer of Evidence Based Solutions, a private policy, research, and ICT company. VT is a Senior Adviser to the International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. JPU is the Global Director of Health, Nutrition, and Population and Director of Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents at the World Bank and a former Minister of Health and Social Protection of Colombia.