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Abstract: Indole is an important heterocyclic molecule having a number of pharmacologically useful properties. Adolf von Baeyer synthesized indole by reducing oxindole in the presence of a catalytic amount of zinc dust in 1866. A number of studies have been conducted and many more are in the pipeline to investigate the medicinal potential of indole and its derivatives. Indomethacin, Indolmycin, Oxypertine, Yohimbine, Pindolol, and Delavirdine are indole containing drugs that are in high demand in the market. The present study aims to highlight the indole nucleus containing drugs developed by researchers over the last 25 years, with a focus on antibacterial and antifungal properties present in these drugs. The mode of action and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) of indole derivatives, which are responsible for antibacterial and other relevant actions, are also highlighted in the present review. To aid scientists in exploring future potential in this domain, the present study includes the key qualities and highlights of each research activity done by researchers especially related to synthetic derivatives of Indoles. All the available information on Indole derivatives was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and the resources available in Central Library, IFTM University, Moradabad were also referred. The present review is based on literature collected and studied over the previous 23 years. This article will aid researchers in the development of new molecules with indole derivatives undoubtedly which must have improved antibacterial and other properties.

The present work was aimed to synthesize eight new diphenylamine derivatives by the reactions of 2-chloro-N-(4-(diphenyl amino) thiazol-2-yl)acetamide with substituted phenols in the chloroform along with anhydrous potassium carbonate and potassium iodide. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, Mass and elemental analysis techniques. Toxicity profile (acute and subacute oral toxicity) and biological activity (analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity) of the synthesized derivatives was performed. Findings of the present work suggested that the synthesized compounds may be one of the excellent potent compounds to treat pain and inflammation. Therefore compounds of this group especially AK-4 (N-(4-(diphenylamino)thiazol-2-yl)-2-(2- nitrophenoxy)acetamide) could be an excellent starting point to build up new lead compounds in the management of pain and inflammation.

Oxadiazole moiety, which is one of the heterocyclic aromatic groups of the azole family; with the molecular formula C2H2N2O, exists in four isomeric form; out of which, 1,2,4-oxadiazole; 1,2,5-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole are common isomers. The stable isomeric forms of oxadiazoles are observed in a variety of pharmaceutical important potent drugs including raltegravir, butalamine, fasiplon, oxolamine and pleconaril. An attempt has been made to emphasize the chemistry and pharmacology associated with oxadiazole and its derivatives. A number of oxadiazole derivatives are very popular and common in use as potential therapeutic agents. However, a number of researchers are working and have worked to find out more synthetic analogues for anticancer and antifungal, anti-HIV agents using biological and in-silico models.

Acetanilide or N-phenylacetamide is an aromatic compound having phenyl ring attached to an acetamido group (–NHCOCH3). In 1886, acetanilide was introduced as an analgesic and antipyretic drug into medical practice by A. Cahn and P. Hepp. Since then, many acetanilide derivatives have been found to have antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anti- cancer, antihyperglycaemic and antimalarial activities. Acetanilide also plays an important role in the synthesis of a number of chemicals as intermediates and precursors. The chief objective of the present article is to highlight the chemistry and pharmacological aspects of various derivatives of acetanilide and their pharmacological activities to assist the future discovery of more efficacious derivatives with less toxicity.