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In order to investigate whether the SUVmax-liver-based interpretation could improve prognostic accuracy of interim (PET-4) and posttreatment PET/CT (PET-end), 115 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL were recruited in the study. ROC analysis revealed the optimal threshold is 1.6-fold of SUVmax-liver for PET-4 and 1.4-fold of SUVmax-liver for PET-end. The SUVmax-liver-based interpretation had a perfect interobserver agreement, higher prognostic accuracy and positive predictive value than 5-point scale and %DSUVmax criteria in both PET-4 and PET-end. Dramatic differences in the outcome between patients with positive and negative PET-4/PET-end were demonstrated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p<.05). Univariate and multifactor analysis found PET-4 and PET-end were independent prognostic factors for the outcome of DLBCL. In conclusion, the SUVmax-liver-based interpretation were superior to 5-point scale and %ΔSUVmax criteria in analyzing the PET-4 and PET-end for the prognosis of DLBCL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]