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The results of complex neurological and neuropsychological study with evaluation of anxiety levels in young and middle-age patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are presented in the article. Raised anxiety levels with statistically significant difference to control group patients were found. By turn, anxiety levels in patients with chronic hepatitis were lower than in patients with liver cirrhosis. The most of examined patients had middle (with tendency to low level as well as with tendency to high level) and high level of anxiety.

Modern definition, classifications, diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are presented together with results of treatment of 30 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with the new selective calcium-channel blocker dicetel.

The chief factors of aggression are discussed together with mechanisms of protection of gastric and duodenal mucosa. Results of treatment of 30 patients with gastritis (Helicobacter pylori negative) with a cytoprotective drug smecta are presented.

Non-steroid antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-related gastropathy is regarded as the most important NSAID-induced complication. The above term is used to signify erosive and ulcerous injuries to the stomach and duodenum, having a characteristic clinical picture.

Results are submitted of bacteriological investigations in those persons with duodenal peptic ulcer who had been called up. The presence of regional strains of H. pylori is ascertained together with their sensitivity to certain antibacterial drug preparations. A rational antihelocobactertherapy schedule is proposed.

The nosologic and etiopathogenetic structure of the cholestatic syndrome encountered both in surgical and therapeutical practice is described.

A classification is submitted of cholelithiasis, taking account of stages of the illness, its main clinical forms and complications, with the diagnostic criteria and policy of treating it being pointed out. The use of the above classification ensures succession of surgeons' and therapists' work in questions of diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of patients with cholelithiasis.

Our objective in this study was investigation into the effectiveness of the enzymic preparation Kirshner Pancreal in 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis. It is shown that against the background of treatment with the above drug patients dispelled the pain syndrome and manifestations of the maldigestion syndrome. The described drug made for normalization of the blood serum content of beta-lipoproteins. The drug is well-tolerated by patients, no adverse effects were noted.

Peptic ulcer (PU) is one of the most prevalent medical problems. It is essential for PU patients to undergo gastrofibroscopy, pH-metry, and examination for Helicobacter pylori during the phase of exacerbation. Results of a comprehensive evaluation of patients will, we believe, help in ensuring the chosen treatment schedule compliance for each particular patient. Use of amoxycillin, metronidazole, and bismuth combined with raniberl in treatment of the above category of patients appeared to be an effective therapeutic alternative designed to eradicate Helicobacter pylori.

The article addresses the issue of comparative efficacy of those drug preparations having hepatoprotective action (hepatofalk, ursofalk, lipin, lavalon) by parameters characterizing lipid peroxidation (LPO). The above drug preparations enhance resistance of brush membranes, lower LPO processes. It was hepatofalk and lipin that had the most pronounced positive effect on LPO processes in patients with chronic toxic and postviral hepatitis.

Investigations designed to study gastric mucosa (GM) in patients with chronic primary gastroduodenitis with the aid of electron microscopy showed the abnormal changes in the cellular, subcellular membranes and capillaries to be of the same type as they are in peptic ulcer (PU) though poorly manifest. Changes in GM under chronic atrophic gastroduodenitis (ChGD) suggested involutive changes while in chronic secondary gastroduodenitis (ChSGD) it was generally not different from the mucosa ultrastructure in healthy subjects except for changes in surface epithelium. Based on the histoenzymologic studies it has been ascertained that in ChPGD there occurs a rise in lysosomal enzymes similar to that encountered in PU, reflecting the intensity of catabolic processes, decrease in the activity of enzymes of the capillary wall and mitochondria respiratory chain against the background of compensatory enhancement of the activity of the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. In ChAGD the activity of all the enzymes was low, while in ChSGD it did not differ significantly from that in healthy subjects.

Tardipherone is capable of maximum absorption in the initial portion of small intestine, iron being in its retarding form, which fact ensures a prolonged action of the drug, mucoprotease being a part of tardipherone composition acting to guard gastric and duodenal mucosae against irritating effect of iron. Tardipherone was found to be efficacious in treating patients with ulcer disease complicated by bleeding. Under its effect the hemogram indices get normalized as does the ratio of aggressive to protective factors of gastric juice, which factors play a major part in the emergent relapse of the illness. The use of tardipherone was found to be justified in the treatment of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, being associated with gratifying shifts in the clinical picture of the condition and improvement in the hemogram characteristics.

Based on the studies made in 84 patients with calculous cholecystitis and 12 patients with calcifying pancreatitis, an efficiency was shown of infusional administration of pyrencepine or ranitidine to prevent stress postoperative erosive-and-ulcerous lesions of gastroduodenal zone. Gastrocepine is shown to be superior to ranitidine and can be withdrawn without a maintenance dose, as well as becouse its cytoprotective effects with respect of the gastric and duodenal mucosa.

A study made in 72 patients showed a positive influence in ulcer disease of gastrocepine and H2-blockers of receptors to histamine on histoenzymological and ultrastructural changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. Gastrocepine was found to be superior to H2-blockers of receptors to histamine due to its apparent cytoprotective effect and ability to improve microcirculation.

The indices for the gastric contents aggression and protection ratio returned to normal in patients with peptic ulcer and preulcerous condition during the treatment with smekta due to a decrease in proteolytic activity and increase in the synthesis of the mucus protective proteins. Monitoring of intragastric pH in the body of the stomach throughout 24 hours in patients with peptic ulcer of duodenal location revealed significant acid-neutralizing effect of smekta. Patients with nonspecific ulcerous colitis enjoyed freedom of side effects as a result of the use of salofalk and derived full therapeutic benefit from this treatment. Under the effect of smekta there occurred suppression of the growth of pathogenic proteolytic flora, improvement of qualitative properties of coli flora and growth of sugar-lytic flora in patients with intestinal dysbiosis. According to the data available, smekta strengthens the mucous barrier by improving the conformation of the mucus structural elements.

In the present investigation on the treatment of patients with nonulcerous dyspepsia and peptic ulcer, hiatus hernia complicated with reflux esophagitis, a mechanism has been studied of the action of topalkan, a 3rd generation aluminium-magnesium antacid, that involves not only its antacid properties but in an even greater degree the availability of alginic acid in its formula which has antipeptic and protective effect with respect of the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus, and provides, together with the magnesium salts, a floating layer of the preparation in the stomach. In grave course of nonulcerous dyspepsia (preulcerous condition) and peptic ulcer complicated by reflux disease of the esophagus topalkan was used in combination with present-day antisecretory preparations pyrenzepine or H2-blockaders of histamine receptors capable of enhancing the antisecretory effect of topalkan as well as endowed with cytoprotective properties with respect of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum promoting healing of erosions and healing and scarring of ulcerous defects.

Use of treatment complexes including non-drug methods (auricular acupuncture, pathogenetic dietotherapy, ILBR) or reduced doses of modern pharmacopreparations allowed to achieve rapid clinical and endoscopic remission in patients with ulcer disease. Simultaneously occurs normalization of the aggressive and defensive properties of the gastric juice, immunological, microcirculatory changes in the body and gastroduodenal mucosa. The vascular laser blood radiation reduced antacid dose and pathogenetic dietotherapy.

Intravascular laser radiation of the blood was employed in 68 patients with ulcer disease in the complex treatment with antacid; cholinolytic, antioxidant agents. The employment of helium-neon laser as an immunomodulator resulted in an improvement of indices of cellular and humoral immunity, normalization of lipid peroxidation, increased resistance of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, reduction of the time of scarring of the ulcer defect against the background of rapid clinical remission, increase of the interrecurrence period.