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Bovine papilloma virus (BPV) -2 is the most common on haired skin. A 4-year-old Fleckviech Simmental cattle, weighing 650 kg, with the presence of a formation on the upper eyelid of the right eye occupying approximately one third of it, was examined. The lesion was nodular, hyperkeratotic, cauliflower-like growths. Hematological abnormalities were lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia which indicates inflammation, infection, and hemoconcentration which indicates mild dehydration. Changes in liver enzymes combined with low blood sugar and ketone bodies in urine indicated ketosis status. Histological examination showed a hyperplastic epithelium covering an ordered proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Numerous large cells with blue-gray cytoplasm were visible within the hyperplastic epithelium. Corroborating the data of the clinical and paraclinical examinations, the diagnosis of cutaneous fibropapilloma was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zebrafish and its brain popularity in scientific research created the necessity of a quick and simple atlas for the examination of the entire central nervous system structure. Sagittal sections of 5 μm were obtained from 10 adult both male and female zebrafish. Luxol Fast Blue-Cresyl Violet staining was performed in serial brain sections from whole adult zebrafish brain for examination of myelin and neuron structure and localization. Neurons can be well established with distinct cell bodies and nuclei in examined cerebral structures from both hemispheres. Cresyl violet is used to stain the neuronal cell bodies and processes which appear in a pink to violet color. Luxol fast blue stain is used to identify myelin in nervous tissue which gets stained in bright blue. The serial brain sections staining with Luxol fast blue-Cresyl Violet gives a quick and complete view of the central nervous system morphology and could be a useful tool in toxicology studies or in the research of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histological study of olfactory bulbs and peripheric olfactory organs were made on 10 adult zebra fiskes (Danio rerio), both sexes, using paraphin embeding method and HEA and PAS stain. Zebra fish is a very good model for studying the mecanisms for odour detection, olfactory changes of the environement and behavioural effects of them. Olfactory system in zebra fish is formed by a pair of olfactory peripherical organs or rosets, situated in nasal cavity, conected at the olfactory bulbs. Sensorial region of the rosete have an characteristic pseudostratified columnar epithelium consisting mainly from sensitive olfactory neurons. Olfactory bulb is a cerebral structure situated in the most rostral region of the anterior brain, conected to olfactory bulb by a short olfactory nerf. It is the central receptor when the olfactory informations are prepared and sent to telencephalic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatomically central nervous system in zebra fish is represented by telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, mielencephalon and metencephalon. Histological study of neuronal population of mesencephalon, rombencephalon and spinal cord was made on 10 adult zebra fish, both sexes. Mesencephalon is the median vesicle of the brain having 3 main components: cerebral pedunculs, tegmentum and optic tectum. Tectum has seven layers of fibers and different celular composition. Rombencephalon comprise: cerebelum, ponce and medula oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium. Cerebelum is composed by corpus cerebeli and valvula cerebeli, and together with ponce forms the metencephalon. Cerebelum have three layers of neurons: molecular, Purkinje cells and granular. Mielencephalon is represented by medulla oblongata, which is continuing caudally with the spinal cord, and is closing the 4th ventricle. Histologically, medula oblongata have small ovalar cells and small glial cells. In ventral spinal cord four domains are identified: p3, pMN, p1 and 0, composed from neurons having common features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato chips are considered to be potentially health risk products because they contain several substances with toxic potential effect upon various organs. These snacks contain acrylamide, a multi-organ carcinogenic effect substance and monosodium glutamate, used to improve the taste quality, but which has toxic effects upon several organs. In order to test the effect of potato chips diet upon different organs, two experiment were conducted. In an experiment were used adult mice aged between 4-6 months and in the other young mice of 17-20 days. They were fed for 60 days with potato chips representing 80% of the daily diet. In the first 30 days of experiment the adult mice gain weight, but at the end of the experiment they lost 10-15% from the initial weight measured at the beginning of the experiment. Histopathological modifications were noticed in internal organs of both young and adult mice. Liver presented changes in architecture, necrosis areas, hepatocytes with macrovesicular steatosis, and hydropic degeneration. Into the renal cortex, enlarged glomeruli, mesangial cell proliferation, and reduced urinary spaces were observed along with vascular congestion. Also, in the kidney were noticed renal tubules degeneration, narrow lumens and swelling epithelia. Degenerations were also present in most of intestinal tunics where villi fusion, villi atrophy, modifications in epithelia, in subepithelial connective tissue, and changes in smooth muscle fibers were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors have been extensively studied in the last years due to their involvement in the development of the nervous system, its plasticity and survival, as well as in psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases. In zebrafish, the popular animal model for genetic studies, recent publications reveal the localization of NTs and tyrosine kinase receptors (Trks) in most important regions of the central nervous system (CNS) of developing embryo, the distribution of brain derivated neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and TrkB in adult zebrafish brain and also the expression of main NTs and Trk receptors in the cerebellum, meanwhile some unknown pathways of the complex mapping of tyrosine kinase (Ntrk) receptors and their ligands remain to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venom is produced by certain snake families and is used by these to capture the prey and to defend themselves when they feel threatened. The venom contains a variety of biomolecules including hyaluronidases, metalloproteinases, myotoxins, phospholipases and neurotoxins. These enzymes can cause on envenomed persons a large range of symptoms from local pain, swelling and necrosis to systemic disorders like tachycardia, coagulopathy, neurotoxicity, respiratory paralysis and even death if an appropriate treatment is not administrated. In this study we describe the histological structure of the venomous glands in snakes of Vipera ammodytes montadoni. Venom is produced by modified oral glands on each side from which one is the main glands and one is the accessory. All the glands presented a simple secretory epithelium with several types of cells. The main glands are modified oral glands presenting large secretory units with cell presenting secretory granules accumulated in cytoplasm. In the connective tissue surrounding the acini many blood vessels and also melanocytes were observed. The accessory gland presented two regions made up of secretory acini with large lumens filled with a PAS-positive secretion. The acini of the accessory gland presented several types of cells. Skeletal muscle fibers from the compressor muscle were observed in the region of the main and accessory glands. The secretion from these glands was collected into primary and secondary ducts lined by a simple columnar epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium glutamate, an amino acid used as a flavor enhancer, is a controversial substance being incriminated in the appearance of obesity in human populations among others. Its administration in animal feed increases weight gain, but side effects such as decreased fertility and degenerative changes in liver and kidney have been observed. To study the effects of monosodium glutamate toxicity on the male reproductive system, one hundred thirty-four Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) were divided into 4 groups. Monosodium glutamate was admninistrated for 30 days in different concentrations in 3 groups: 10g/kg feed for group I, 30g/kg feed for group II, 50 g/kg feed for group III. For the individuals in group II and III, was observed the reduction in the number of germline and sperm cells compared to the control group, the presence of degenerative Sertoli cells and spermatic cells with pyknotic nuclei, the presence of vacuoles among seminiferous tubule cells. The degenerative, necrotic and inflammatory changes observed demonstrate the toxic effects of glutamate on male reproductive system and on fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a minireview on the use of biomaterials in medicine. Biomaterials have a central role in biomedical industry, being required in a broad range of medical applications for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention and therapy. They are used in orthopedics, vascular therapy, trauma, esthetic surgery, ophthalmology, maxillo-facial surgery, cardiology, urology and neurology by being integrated in implants, devices, prosthesis and drug-delivery systems. The metallic alloys are considered dominant biomaterials The main metalic representatives are commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys (Ti-6AI-4V, Ti-6Al7Nb, Ti-5Al-2.5Fe), stainless steel (316 and 316 L), tantalum, Co-Cr-Mo alloys and Mg alloys. Bioceramics became a group of materials of great importance for maxillo-facial surgery and orthopedics. Polymeric materials have a growing medical importance. Due to their biocompatibility, similar resistance of cortical bone, good corrosion resistance in the physiological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]