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Consumption of brown rice is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, which might be attributed to the presence of unique phytochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemicals profile, cellular antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities in glutinous and non-glutinous brown rice varieties of indica and japonica subspecies. In general, bound fractions of brown rice depicted significant variation levels of phytochemicals, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. Anti-proliferative activity of bound fraction, total antioxidant capacity and cellular antioxidant activity of non-glutinous type were significantly higher than glutinous type ( p  < 0.05). Present investigation could be significant to introduce brown rice as functional foods and to increase awareness about health benefits of whole grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus is a rich source of nutritive and bioactive compounds. Impact of fruit tissues and ripening stage on phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity was investigated in Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Chachiensis (Chachi). Regardless of different ripening stage, peel had the highest contents of phenolics and flavonoids, strongest antioxidant activities resolved by PSC, ORAC and CAA assay and antiproliferative activities against MCF-7, HepG2 and SiHa cancer cell. Increased level of total phenolics, hesperidin and naringin, and elevated antioxidant capacities were detected in peel during maturity, whereas highest amount of nobiletin and strongest antiproliferative activities were explored in immature peel. In flesh the vitamin C content increased during ripening, while lower phenolic content, smallest ORAC value and weakest antiproliferative activity were resolved in mature flesh. The flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity in seed were comparable with flesh and relatively constant during ripening, suggesting seeds as a valuable source of flavonoid extraction for further utilization. The characteristic flavonoids, nobiletin, tangeretin, hesperetin and naringenin inhibited proliferation of SiHa, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell dose-dependently, thus suggesting their contribution and potential application. Results presented here provide the foundation for comprehensive utilization of phytochemicals in different parts of this medicinal and edible citrus fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the antioxidant activity of a tropical fruit juice and its antiproliferative and antimutagenic effects. The antioxidant activity was determined by several different methods, such as ORAC, ABTS, PSC (peroxyl radical scavenging capacity) and CAA (cellular antioxidant activity). The total of phenolics and flavonoids were determined, and the phenolic compounds were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. The juice showed high total phenolic and flavonoid contents (838.44 ± 30.27 g GAE/100 g and 219.45 ± 12.27 mg CE/100 g DW, respectively). According to the PSC, CAA, ABTS and ORAC assays, the tropical fruit juice showed a high antioxidant value of 308.39 ± 3.10 μM AEE/100 g, 26.76 ± 4.47 μM QE/100 g, 167.17 ± 4.10 μM TE/g DW and 235.90 ± 11.90 μM TE/g DW, respectively. The proliferation of HepG 2 was significantly inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, by exposure to the tropical fruit juice. Antimutagenic activity was investigated by micronucleous test in mice, and all doses evaluated (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w.) showed beneficial effects. As a consequence, these results encourage further studies on the pharmacological and functional properties of this tropical fruit juice, in order to evaluate its use as a functional food, due to its beneficial health properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]