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Objectives: The pathogenic disturbance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known as a rare but invasive nosocomialfungal infection. This survey is focused on the evaluation of apoptosis-triggering effects of UVB-irradiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Materials and Methods: The well-growth colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) were irradiated within an interval of to minutes by UVB-light (302 nm). Subsequently, the harvested DNA molecules of control and UV-exposed yeast colonies were run through the 1% agarose gel elect rophoresis comprising the luminescent dye of ethidium bromide. Outcomes: No unusual patterns including DNA laddering bands or smears were detected. Conclusions: The applied procedure for UV exposure was not effective for inducing apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. So, it needs another UV-radiation protocol for inducing apoptosis phenomenon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium. In recent years, the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections has been steadily increased around the world. Nowaday, the phototherapy is a suitable alternative as a cheap and effective treatment and in some cases can be used in parallel with chemotherapy. That is why, in this survey, we tried to detect the eventual apoptosis feature in UVB-irradiated colonies of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: The bacterial sample was harvested from the microbial collection center of Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods branch, Microbiology laboratory. The colonies of Staphylococcus aureus were radiated by UVB beam and then, the DNA molecules belonging to control and irradiated colonies were extracted by DNP kit. Next after DNA extraction, the DNA molecules mixed in loading dye were run in 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Following the electrophoresis, the UV transilluminator was used to observe the orange luminescent DNA bands formed in agarose gel. Outcomes: As it was indicated by experimental practices in the present investigation, no abnormalities, neither DNA laddering bands (apoptosis) nor smears (necrosis), were detected. Conclusions: According to the results showing the lack of DNA denaturation after UVB light exposure, a hypothesis could be advanced on the role of the Heat shock proteins and in particular, HSP70 which would act as an anti-apoptotic mechanism inhibiting the induction of apoptosis in UVB lightexposed colonies of Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bacillus anthracis as the bacterial agent of anthrax, is spread in different geographical zones around the world. The purpose of this survey was to observe eventual apoptotic reactions in total genomic DNA of UVB irradiated colonies of Bacillus anthracis. Materials and Methods: The colonies of Bacillus anthracis were exposed to UVB ray for 10 minutes; then, the DNA molecules of control and irradiated colonies were extracted. Finally, the DNA samples mixed in loading dye, were run in 1% agarose gel containing fluorescent dye of ethidium bromide to produce visible DNA bands. Outcomes: Neither smear nor DNA laddering band were detected upon the agarose gel. Conclusions: According to the present protocol, the UVB ray can not induce apoptosis feature in colonies of Bacillus anthracis. It seems that the recovery and protection systems in Bacillus anthracis can resist against eventual UVB disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The most common uropathogenic Gram negative bacteria are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The purpose of this study was to determine the three most frequent bacterial agents causing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in patients who referred to Central Laboratory of Dr. Shariati Hospital, during 2 years (January 2006- December 2007). Materials and methods: The registered data were checked and collected by the questionnaires as a retrospective epidemiological survey. Then, the Chi Square tests were performed by SPSS software. Outcomes: The results of the present survey revealed that, the first two bacterial agents in different seasons were similar through the surveillance while the third one was variable. The first two frequent bacteria were respectively, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: The gram negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common uropathogenic bacteria causing UTI. According to the statistical calculations, there was significant association between UTI caused by Escherichia coli and female gender (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen which causes urinary tract candidiasis in humans. In this research, we tried to find out the frequency of the Urinary Tract Infections associated with Candida albicans in patients who referred to Central Laboratory of Dr. Shariati Hospital, during 2 years (April 2006- April 2008). Materials and Methods: According to the archived recorded data, the questionnaires were filled out. At the end of this retrospective research, the statistical tests of Chi Square were operated through SPSS software version 15. Outcomes: The results showed that, the Urinary Tract Infections associated with Candida albicans included 6.8% of patients. The remaining 93.2% of Urinary Tract Infections had related to bacterial pathogens. Conclusions: The statistical analyses confirmed the significant association between Urinary Tract Infections caused by Candida albicans and female gender (P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]