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This paper is treated with optimum energy management in a DC/AC Microgrid (MG) containing hybrid power sources to supply the load within cost minimization. In this hybrid electrical networks, energy sources are exploited as DC and AC manner, in which the Independent System Operator (ISO) should provide a practical coordination between them in order to procure the demand load optimally. This paper presents a framework that all available resources are formulated mathematically in hybrid microgrid with full constraints along with Demand Response (DR) programs implementation. The network under consideration can operate both in grid-tied and autonomous modes to manage power exchanging. Uncertainty and intermittent of Photovoltaic (PV) with Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) equipped, Wind Turbine (WT), Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and DR programs are also considered to achieve the optimal control and operation. The ESSs are capable to connect both DC and AC links and the State of Charge (SOC) is maintained within permissible range. The proposed DG control framework and operation scheduling has facilitated the energy management of renewables using dynamic programing approach. A 24-hour time horizon simulation and discussion through three scenarios verified on a IEEE 33 bus distribution network, is done to represent the effectiveness of proposed energy management strategy to keep the whole hybrid grid stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use generalized incremental predictive control (GIPC) to stabilize attitude of satellite. We compare Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) with GIPC algorithm and present that GIPC has better performance. The three-axis attitude control systems are activated in pulse mode. Consequently, a modulation of the torque command is compelling in order to avoid high non-linear control action. This work considers the Pulse-Width Pulse-Frequency modulator (PWPF) is composed of a Schmitt trigger, a first order filter, and a feedback loop. PWPF modulator has several advantages over classical bang-bang controllers such as close to linear operation, high accuracy, and reduced propellant consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]