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2 results on '"Michael O. Kusimo"'

1. High Plasmodium infection and multiple insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii from Sahel of Niger Republic

Author

Sulaiman S. Ibrahim, Muhammad M. Mukhtar, Helen Irving, Rabiou Labbo, Michael O. Kusimo, Izamné Mahamadou, and Charles S. Wondji

Subjects
Plasmodium falciparum, An. coluzzii, Malaria, Sahel, Insecticides, Metabolic, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Information on insecticide resistance and the mechanisms driving it in the major malaria vectors is grossly lacking in Niger Republic, thus hindering control efforts. To facilitate evidence-based malaria control, the role of Anopheles coluzzii population from southern Niger, in malaria transmission, its insecticides resistance profile and the molecular mechanisms driving the resistance were characterized. Methods Blood fed female Anopheles gambiae sensu lato resting indoor were collected at Tessaoua, Niger. Source of blood was established using PCR and infection with Plasmodium determined using TaqMan assay. Resistance profile was established with the major public health insecticides, and resistance intensity determined with deltamethrin. Synergist assays were conducted with piperonyl butoxide and diethyl maleate. Presence of L1014F and L1014S knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) was investigated using TaqMan genotyping, and strength of selection pressure acting on the Anopheles populations determined by assessing the genetic diversity of a fragment spanning exon-20 of the VGSC from alive and dead females. Results High human blood index (96%) and high Plasmodium falciparum infection (~ 13%) was observed in the An. coluzzii population. Also, a single mosquito was found infected with Plasmodium vivax. High pyrethroid and organochloride resistance was observed with mortalities of less than 20% for deltamethrin, permethrin, α-cypermethrin, and DDT. A high LD50 (156.65 min) was obtained for deltamethrin, with a resistance ratio of ~ 47.18 compared to the susceptible Ngoussou colony. Moderate carbamate resistance was observed, and a full susceptibility to organophosphates recorded. Synergist bioassays with piperonyl butoxide and diethyl maleate significantly recovered deltamethrin and DDT susceptibility, respectively implicating CYP450 s (mortality = 82%, χ2 = 84.51, p

Published
2019
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2. Evidence of a multiple insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in South West Nigeria

Author

Charles S. Wondji, Seun M. Atoyebi, Romaric Akoton, Michael O. Kusimo, Adekunle A. Bakare, Jacob M. Riveron, Rousseau J. Djouaka, Genevieve M. Tchigossou, and Helen Irving

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Rural Population, Veterinary medicine, Insecticides, Plasmodium, Resistance mechanisms, Polymerase Chain Reaction, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, education.field_of_study, Dieldrin, biology, Mortality rate, Anopheles, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Insect Proteins, Biological Assay, Female, qx_515, medicine.drug, Insecticide resistance, Genotype, Malaria control, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Phenylcarbamates, Bendiocarb, Nigeria, Mosquito Vectors, wc_765, Anopheles funestus, 03 medical and health sciences, qx_600, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, education, Permethrin, business.industry, Research, wa_240, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, Biotechnology, wc_750, 030104 developmental biology, Deltamethrin, chemistry, Parasitology, Mutation, business
Abstract

Background\ud Knowing the extent and spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is vital to successfully manage insecticide resistance in Africa. This information in the main malaria vector, Anopheles funestus sensu stricto, is completely lacking in the most populous country in Africa, Nigeria. This study reports the insecticide susceptibility status and the molecular basis of resistance of An. funestus as well as its involvement in malaria transmission in Akaka-Remo, a farm settlement village in southwest Nigeria.\ud \ud Results\ud Plasmodium infection analysis using TaqMan protocol coupled with a nested PCR revealed an infection rate of 8% in An. funestus s.s. from Akaka-Remo. WHO susceptibility tests showed this species has developed multiple resistance to insecticides in the study area. Anopheles funestus s.s. population in Akaka-Remo is highly resistant to organochlorines: dieldrin (8%) and DDT (10%). Resistance was also observed against pyrethroids: permethrin (68%) and deltamethrin (87%), and the carbamate bendiocarb (84%). Mortality rate with DDT slightly increased (from 10 to 30%, n = 45) after PBO pre-exposure indicating that cytochrome P450s play little role in DDT resistance while high mortalities were recorded after PBO pre-exposure with permethrin (from 68 to 100%, n = 70) and dieldrin (from 8 to 100%, n = 48) suggesting the implication of P450s in the observed permethrin and dieldrin resistance. High frequencies of resistant allele, 119F in F0 (77%) and F1 (80% in resistant and 72% in susceptible) populations with an odd ratio of 1.56 (P = 0.1859) show that L119F-GSTe2 mutation is almost fixed in the population. Genotyping of the A296S-RDL mutation in both F0 and F1 samples shows an association with dieldrin resistance with an odd ratio of 81 (P < 0.0001) (allelic frequency (R) = 76% for F0; for F1, 90 and 10% were observed in resistant and susceptible populations, respectively) as this mutation is not yet fixed in the population.\ud \ud Conclusion\ud The study reports multiple insecticide resistance in An. funestus from Akaka Remo. It is, therefore, necessary to pay more attention to this major malaria vector for effective malaria control in Nigeria.

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