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The experiments aimed to verify the use of a focused ion beam (FIB) to create structures analogous to the natural surface and then use the two-step imprinting method to prepare replicas of the surface creat-ed by FIB. The surface of the petal leaves of pansy (Viola x wittrockiana) was selected as a natural sur-face pattern. The TESCAN AMBER FIB-SEM microscope was used for the preparation of an analo-gous surface. The molds for the replication process were made of President Light Body elastomer. PVB, PVA, CMC, PCL, EP were used for the preparation of polymer replicas. Scanning electron micro-scope was used to evaluate the quality of the prepared polymer replicas. The dimensions of the replicat-ed convex and concave structures were 25 x 20 µm. The polymers showed a different ability to copy the structure in detail. For PVA, CMC, and PCL, surface structuring at the nanometer level was described in this study. Due to the dimensions of the cones of convex and concave structures, the color was ob-served on all samples.

Absolute length calibration of gauge blocks traceable to the definition of meter is an important task of the national metrology institutes responsible for providing reliable length artifacts for industrial use. The length of a gauge block (henceforth, represented as GB) is defined in ISO 3650 as the distance between its one measuring face and the surface of an auxiliary platen on which the other measuring face has been wrung. Accordingly, in central length calibration of K-grade GBs using interferometry, it is required that they be wrung onto an auxiliary platen whose characteristics are the same as the measuring face of the GBs. According to this definition, the length of a GB consists of its mechanical length between two faces and the wringing film thickness. This definition is practical and reasonable in many cases because GBs are used as length standards with wringing. Also this calibration method has the advantage that the thickness of the wringing film is propagated appropriately when lower grade GBs are calibrated by comparison to higher grade GBs via a mechanical comparator. In terms of this paper is briefly described interferometry method of gauge blocks calibration. The paper was written in conjunction with Czech Metrology Institute.

This paper deals with the assessment of the procedural gases progressive cooling methods and cooling by procedural liquids at turning technology on the final workpiece surface quality. Turning by using liquefied CO2, liquefied nitrogen and subcooled air supplied through the vortex tube was compared with the turning without process medium (taken as reference conditions) and with two procedural liquids EOPS 1030 and HOCUT 795 B. At evaluation effect of procedural gases there were monitored acting forces, cutting tool cooling rate and the machined layer of the material, cutting tool durability and cut surface quality which was characterized by surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. During the experimental part there were used devices as lathe SU50, piezoelectric dynamometer, the evaluation unit and profilometer. This issue was solved within solving the project TACR - TA03010492.

Demands on a surface layer quality of machined components are still increasing with increasing of machining productivity. Changes of mechanical properties in the thin surface layer of a workpiece occur due to thermal and deformation effects of the cutting tool during machining. The aim of the present paper is a study of the surface layer of samples from hardened steel (14th grade of steel), which were milled using machines produced by TOS Varnsdorf a.s. The samples were milled with different tools from five manufacturers. Parameters of surface integrity, which comprehensively reflect the quality of surface layer after milling, were evaluated after the machining.