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Perception of the importance of the marine industry is crucial for marine policy measures. Based on China's input–output tables for 2002, 2007, and 2012, this study disaggregates 12 major marine sectors as exogenous and assesses the impacts of China's marine industry by determining the inter-industry linkage effect, the production-inducing effect, the sectoral supply shortage effect, and the employment-inducing effect. These models are effective in estimating the contribution of the marine industry and explore the evolution of marine industrial structure. Finally, policy applications are proposed to provide reliable and useful information for China's policymakers to promote marine policies and manage the marine system.

Altering the marine industry economic development model has helped achieve low-carbon development goals for comparative research on the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon sinks. The carbon emissions and existing carbon sinks resulting from the marine industry in ten coastal provinces (cities) in China over the period from 2008 to 2019 were quantitatively determined, and their spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics were analysed from the national and provincial perspectives. Additionally, time-dependent models of the national and provincial carbon emissions and carbon sinks were constructed. The results showed that: 1) carbon emissions and carbon sinks of the marine industry in China increased annually from 2008 to 2019, and the growth rate of carbon emissions was higher than that of carbon sinks. 2) Direct, indirect and total carbon emissions, as well as shellfish, algae and total carbon sinks of the marine industry in China all conform with time to the power function leading to the estimation that total carbon emissions and carbon sinks of the Chinese marine industry will peak in 2021 and 2022, respectively. 3) The carbon emissions and sinks in different provinces (cities) were affected by multiple factors according to their time-dependent models. These findings could provide a reference for accelerating energy conservation and emission reduction within fisheries, while also improving the ecological functioning of their carbon sinks. Meanwhile, the role of marine policy in the development of the marine industry in China's coastal regions has also been clarified.

Shandong Province is among China's major marine provinces. The annual total output value of the province's marine economy has been ranked second in the country since 2013. This paper presents an evaluation of the marine district policies of Shandong Province. These policies can be divided into three stages according to the time sequence of policy promulgation: the fishery production and resource management period, the marine integrated utilization management period, and the marine ecological management period. The evolution of Shandong's marine policies was analyzed accordingly. Overall, the regional marine industry is on a good development track. However, many challenges remain regarding the formulation and implementation of the province's marine policies in the future.

Our global oceans are threatened by climate change, overfishing, pollution and a growing list of other impacts that demonstrate an urgent global need for sustainable ocean management. Whilst marine conservation initiatives and protected ocean spaces have increased over recent years, ocean management still lags behind the terrestrial sectors in incorporating and involving communities in its development. ‘Social licence to operate’ is used broadly across the terrestrial literature, but its understanding and application within the marine has been limited to date. This review sought to collate and synthesise instances of social licence in the marine realm as documented in the literature, aiming to create an understanding that may inform future research and development of social licence. Its results determine that social licence is yet an emergent concept in the marine sector but there may be great potential for its application in the marine context. Social licence has become an important theme for development in marine industry and resource use, particularly towards exploring communication and stakeholder engagement. This paper identifies future themes and areas requiring investigation and application in this domain.

Optimizing the allocation of science and technology resources is the key link to promote the efficient development of marine industry. This paper incorporates science and technology, economy and ecology into the accounting system for the allocation of marine science and technology resources, constructs the EBM model that considers the undesired output, and uses the GML index to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of the allocation efficiency of green science and technology resources in China’s marine industry. The results indicate that: (1) Under the constraints of resources and environment, the allocation of science and technology resources in China’s marine industry is at the non-frontier level. (2) The allocation efficiency of green marine science and technology resources shows an “M-shaped” dynamic trend, and this trend of change is closely related to the marine science and technology policy. The improvement of the allocation efficiency of green marine science and technology resources mainly comes from technological progress rather than the improvement of technical efficiency. (3) There are obvious differences in the allocation efficiency of green marine science and technology resources among coastal regions. Among them, Liaoning, Shanghai, Guangdong and Guangxi are in the high efficiency range (>1), Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian are in the medium efficiency range (0.9–1), while Hainan and Hebei are in the low efficiency range (

Enhancing competitiveness of China's marine industry has become an urgent theoretical and practical issue for the Chinese government. This study creates a new competitiveness evaluation index system for China's marine industry that measures comprehensive capacity, industrial output capacity, research capacity and environmental protection capacity. The study analyses marine industrial competitiveness during 2006–2012 and classifies China's 11 major coastal regions into three competitive tiers. It is found that competitiveness of China's marine industry originates from its research capacity, followed by comprehensive capacity, industrial output capacity and environmental protection capacity. The analysis and tier classification show that marine industrial competitiveness is strong in Guangdong, Shandong and Shanghai. Tianjin, Zhejiang, Fujian, Liaoning and Jiangsu are moderately competitive. Hebei, Guangxi and Hainan are weakly competitive. Moreover, results show that strongly competitive regions did little to assist marine industrial competitiveness of neighbouring regions. The study offers policy suggestions to enhance marine industrial competitiveness in China's blue economic regions on the basis of these findings.

Marine piracy has traditionally been a serious threat to marine security, highlighting the great significance of piracy risk assessment and prevention to the marine industry and global economy. This study uses data on piracy attacks between 1994 and 2017 to estimate the probability of a vessel being attacked by pirates and the success rate of piracy attacks. The results of the employed binary logistic regression model show that small vessels and open registry vessels are more likely to be targeted by pirates. Further, the probability of successful boarding by pirates is higher for a vessel at berth or anchor, at night, in territorial waters and port areas, and in South America, the South China Sea, and the Strait of Malacca. Moreover, the rate of successful boarding will decreases from 99.42% to 86.71% if crews take passive measures and decreases further to 9.39% if crews take active measures. These results can not only be used by stakeholders to estimate the likelihood of piracy incidents, but can also provide information on how and the extent to which the identified factors influence piracy, helping marine stakeholders take appropriate anti-piracy measures. Moreover, these results can also be used for crew training and education to counter pirates as well as to help insurance companies set a premium rate for the different risk levels calculated by the model.

The nature and direction of West Germany's policy on marine science and technology are examined and the reasons underlying its current configuration are explored. Particular consideration is given the importance of marine research within the framework of science policy. Two sectors of the marine industry are examined in more detail: deep sea mining, and the offshore hydrocarbon industry.