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Environmental civil society is situated within a globalizing civil society. In fact, environmental issues have always been global, crossing borders and making cooperation among various actors indispensable in efforts of environmental protection and conservation. Environmental regimes are manifestations of such efforts and one of the most controversial questions surrounding environmental regimes is the question of effectiveness. After considering the expanding roles environmental organizations play in global civil society, the article delves into the question of effectiveness of environmental regimes, particularly in the case of the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) and the Barcelona Convention. More specifically, the role environmental organizations play in the implementation of the MAP in the context of Turkey is analyzed. It is concluded that the ineffectiveness of the MAP is related to the limited impact environmental NGOs have and that the capacity of environmental organizations to be effective actors in environmental regimes depends on the nature of their relations with other actors such as states and international and supranational organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]