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The objective of this paper is to review the hygrothermal environment effects on Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites. A brief summary of the hygrothermal phenomenon and its mechanisms of GFRP is followed by detailed review of hygrothermal effects on the GFRP. The review also includes the different hygrothermal aging tests viz., cold soaking, boiling soaking, thermal shocks and use of environmental chamber, procedures and significance. At the end, hygrothermal effects on the individual constituents of GFRP viz., fiber, matrix and the fiber-matrix interface, are discussed.

The importance of medium carbon steels as engineering materials is reflected by the fact that out of the vast majority of engineering grade ferrous alloys available and used in the market today, a large proportion of them are from the family of medium carbon steels. Typically medium carbon steels have a carbon range of 0.25 to 0.65% by weight, and a manganese content ranging from 0.060 to 1.65% by weight. Medium carbon steels are more resistive to cutting, welding and forming as compared to low carbon steels. From the last two decades a number of research scholars reported the use of verity of heat treatments to tailor the properties of medium carbon steels. Spheroidizing is the novel industrial heat treatment employed to improve formability and machinability of medium/high carbon low alloy steels. This exclusive study covers procedure, the effects and possible outcomes of various heat treatments on medium carbon steels. In the present work, other related heat treatments like annealing and special treatments for property alterations which serve as pretreatments for spheroidizing are also reviewed. Medium carbon steels with property alterations by various heat treatment processes are finding increased responsiveness in transportation, aerospace, space, underwater along with other variegated fields. Improved tribological and mechanical properties consisting of impact resistance, stiffness, abrasion and strength are the main reasons for the increased attention of these steels in various industries. In the present scenario for the consolidation of important aspects of various heat treatments and effects on mechanical properties of medium carbons steel, a review of different research papers has been attempted. This review may be used as a guide to provide practical data for heat treatment industry, especially as a tool to enhance workability and tool life.

Problem solving plays a major role in quality engineering and it is popularly adopted by manufacturing industry. This study is aimed to determine root cause for rejection of cylinder head due to rough conical grinding problem by Shainin method. This has two major parts, first is diagnostic part which involves finding out the root cause and second is a remedial action part which consist of actual application of findings to rule out the problem. Wear in tool holder assembly is identified as root cause for rough grinding problem. Converging to root cause and validating the same achieved by successful implementation of Shainin tools.