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The main aim of the study was to analyse the strain rate sensitivity of the compressive deformation response in bulk 3D-printed samples from 316L stainless steel according to the printing orientation. The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method of metal additive manufacturing was utilised for the production of the samples with three different printing orientations: 0∘, 45∘, and 90∘. The specimens were experimentally investigated during uni-axial quasi-static and dynamic loading. A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus was used for the dynamic experiments. The experiments were observed using a high-resolution (quasi-static loading) or a high-speed visible-light camera and a high-speed thermographic camera (dynamic loading) to allow for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the deformation processes. Digital image correlation (DIC) software was used for the evaluation of displacement fields. To assess the deformation behaviour of the 3D-printed bulk samples and strain rate related properties, an analysis of the true stress–true strain diagrams from quasi-static and dynamic experiments as well as the thermograms captured during the dynamic loading was performed. The results revealed a strong strain rate effect on the mechanical response of the investigated material. Furthermore, a dependency of the strain-rate sensitivity on the printing orientation was identified.