Search

[Display omitted] • The controlled release of Li+ was successfully accomplished through the encapsulation of lithium-doped bioglass nanospheres on sulfonated polyetheretherketone. • Polyetheretherketone coated by lithium-doped bioglass nanospheres has anti-inflammatory properties, inducing macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype. • The biofunctionalized polyetheretherketone surface with lithium-doped bioglass nanospheres exhibited enhanced osteogenesis and immunomodulatory osteogenesis properties. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a frequently utilized orthopedic implant material in clinical settings. However, the adverse inflammatory and immunological reactions due to the PEEK surface after implantation often cause poor osseointegration and thereby hinder its clinical utility. To improve osseointegration and enhance the success rate of PEEK implants, the surface can be biofunctionalized to be immunomodulatory. Consequently, in this study, lithium-doped bioglass nanospheres (Li/BGs) was coated on the sulfonated PEEK surface. Furthermore, we assessed the anti-inflammatory potential of the biofunctionalized PEEK implants and their impact on osteogenesis. In our study, it was observed that the in vitro biofunctionalized PEEK surface exhibited enhanced osteogenesis and immunomodulatory osteogenesis properties, while also effectively suppressing the acute inflammatory response initiated by macrophages. Furthermore, our in vivo experiments demonstrated that the biofunctionalized PEEK surface contributed to improved osteogenesis properties and mitigated the formation of fibrous capsules. Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that PEEK surface modification with Li/BGs not only changed the disadvantage of being bioinert on the surface but also endowed it with osteoimmunomodulatory regulation and bone-promoting properties. Thus, the biofunctionalized PEEK may be a promising candidate for use as an orthopedic implant in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bisphosphonate groups are introduced onto PEEK implant using mussel-inspired chemistry. • Surface bisphosphonation mitigates the early acute inflammatory immune response by modulating macrophages M2 polarization. • A favorable osteoimmune microenvironment is constructed by surface bisphosphonation to enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis. • PEEK implant with surface bisphosphonation achieves ameliorative osseointegration. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is deemed to be a promising alternative to biomedical metals for orthopedic and dental implantation attributed to its bone-like elastic modulus and good biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the bioinert PEEK elicits an acute and irreducible inflammatory immune response after implantation, resulting in fibrous encapsulation and ultimately inferior osseointegration. Therefore, endowing the PEEK surface with immunomodulatory function is essential for advanced osseointegration. Herein, surface bisphosphonation of PEEK is achieved by using mussel-inspired chemistry together with alendronate, which can not only mitigate the early servious inflammatory immune response by promoting macrophages polarization toward the pro-healing M2 phenotype, but also construct a favorable osteoimmune microenvironment to promote the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In vivo evaluation reveals an ameliorative osseointegration of PEEK implant after surface bisphosphonation, confirming the in vitro results. Our findings elucidate that the PEEK implant after surface bisphosphonation can positively regulate early immune reaction to facilitate subsequent angiogenesis and osteogenesis processes, which is desirable for orthopedic and dental implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • It was first time to attempt to cross link polydopamine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate together to enhance osteointegration for polyetheretherketone. • It showed that the cross-linked coatings provided phenolic hydroxyl and amino groups and enhanced hydrophilicity of the polyetheretherketone. • It may lay the foundation for the further deployment of the cross-linked polydopamine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate coating in clinical practice. The increasing demand for enhanced osteointegration calls for next-generation polyetheretherketone (PEEK) that can offer fast bone integration. Whether polydopamine (PDA) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) cross-linked coatings could improve osteointegration of PEEK remains unclear. Here, we fabricated a series of PDA and EGCG cross-linked coatings (PE coatings: P2E0.1, P2E0.5, P2E1, and P2E2 coatings) to enhance osteointegration of PEEK. The material characteristics of coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, micro-BCA tests, and static water contact angle tests. We evaluated the cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and osteogenic effects of the coatings in vitro. Furthermore, the P2E0.5 coating was selected to coat porous PEEK scaffold to observe osteointegration using micro-computed tomography and histology in a rabbit. The results show that the PE coatings provide phenolic hydroxyl and amino groups and enhanced hydrophilicity of PEEK, especially in the P2E0.5 coating. Several lines of cellular evidence suggest that P2E0.5 coatings exhibit a noncytotoxic and excellent osteogenic effect. Compared with PEEK, the P2E0.5-coated PEEK shows higher values of bone volume, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness. This study suggests that the PE coating is a promising candidate for surface modification of PEEK and may lay the foundation for further application of PE coatings in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • LCFRPEEK with a MOF hydrogel surface is prepared for enhancing anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis and osteogenesis. • The MOF hydrogel is composed of HAP@Mg-GA MOF nanoparticles with core–shell structure and pH-sensitive methacryloyl chitosan. • This implant has excellent pH-sensitive biomolecule release capabilities. • The multifunctional implant displays excellent anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The ideal orthopedic implant has sufficient biomechanical strength and physiological activity to coordinate with the intricate physiological healing process of the tissue. Herein, multifunctional stimuli-responsive metal–organic framework (MOF) hydrogels on the surface of the sulfonated long carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (LCFRPEEK) implant using the UV-grafting method is constructed to coordinate with the osseointegration process. The hydrogels are composed of nano-hydroxyapatite cored magnesium-gallic acid (HAP@Mg-GA) MOF nanoparticles and methacryloyl chitosan. The stimuli-responsive MOF hydrogels exhibit outstanding pH-sensitive biomolecule release capabilities. The outcomes of in vitro cell experiments demonstrate that the multifunctional sulfonated LCFRPEEK could actively and precisely perform immunomodulation, timely scavenge excess ROS and reduce NO production under the immune environment (low pH), as well as promote angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation benefiting from the cooperation of GA, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Furthermore, the in vivo SD rat subcutaneous implantation and rabbit tibia defect models further demonstrate that the implant has superior in vivo immunomodulation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation, and osseointegration abilities. Therefore, the study provides a new multifunctional orthopedic implant that can achieve osseointegration, which broadens the effective application of LCFRPEEK biomaterials in orthopedics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Porous polyether ether ketone (PEEK) scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) layer were prepared using a bionic manufacturing strategy. • The bionic sacrificial porogen was inspired by the Chinese food Matuan, which is glutinous rice ball stuck with sesames. • The PEEK@HA scaffolds presented favorable environment for in vitro biomineralization and in vivo osseointegration. • It provides a unique perspective for integratedly fabricating PEEK@HA scaffolds and further creating multifunctional PEEK-based implants. Porous polyether ether ketone (PEEK) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite (HA) layer coated on the pore wall surface were prepared using sacrificial porogen of HA-coated sodium chloride (NaCl) microspheres. The manufacture of bionic porogen was structurally inspired by the Chinese traditional food Matuan, which is a glutinous rice ball stuck with sesames. Spherical-shaped NaCl@HA microspheres with a uniform size facilitated the generation of an interconnected porous PEEK@HA scaffold with a HA coating layer on the pore surface. And the mechanical properties of PEEK@HA scaffolds were not affected by the coating layer of HA compared with PEEK porous scaffolds. After immersing in simulated body fluid and transplanting in rat proximal tibia, the PEEK@HA porous implants possessed superior in vitro biomineralization and in vivo osseointegration due to the favorable environment of the HA layer for bone ingrowth. This facile manufacturing strategy provides a unique perspective to integratedly fabricate bionic porous PEEK scaffolds with a mineralized coating layer enhancing the osseointegration of PEEK materials with bony tissue interfaces in orthopedics and stomatology. It also presents a general platform for further creating multifunctional porous PEEK implants, such as antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and photothermal therapy, by coating various inorganic nanoparticles with desired characteristics on the pore wall surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Moxifloxacin hydrochloride and osteogenic growth peptide were co-loaded onto PEEK surface under sulfonated porous adsorption and polydopamine molecular adhesion. • Dual-functional PEEK surface exhibited excellent antibacterial capability in vitro. • Dual-functional PEEK surface remarkable enhanced the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. • Dual-functional PEEK implant displayed superior bacteriostasis and osseointegration in vivo. The overall aim of the current study is to develop a dual-functional PEEK implant to simultaneously fight off bacterial contamination and promote osseointegration by sustained release of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX) and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) from mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA)-coated porous sulfonated PEEK (SPK) surface. Our study revealed that the MOX/OGP PDA-modified SPK (SPD-MOX/OGP) surface exhibited a durable and excellent antibacterial effect against planktonic/adherent Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. A remarkable enhancement in specific cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenicity were observed on the SPD-MOX/OGP substrate due to the presence of OGP and PDA molecules compared to all other groups. More significantly, using the infected and non-infected rat tibia models confirmed the in vivo antimicrobial and osteogenesis abilities of SPD-MOX/OGP. Therefore, we are confident that such dual-functional PEEK surface with both antibacterial and osseointegrative capacities in this study would give a positive answer to periprosthetic joint infection-related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary stability and final osseointegration of endosseous implants may be hindered by certain abnormal bone-metabolism conditions, such as osteoporosis. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which shows similar adjustable elastic modulus with cortical bone, is considered to be an ideal candidate to replace metallic implants, especially for osteoporotic bone. However, the bioinertness and poor osteogenic properties of PEEK fail to pave the way for clinical application. Here, a novel coating (EBE-SrSi) with bioactive elements on PEEK implants was generated via electron beam evaporation (EBE) to enhance the rapid osseointegration by inducing osteogenesis, as well as angiogenesis. In vitro, the dual Sr/Si ion modified surface exihibits a better osteo-inductive effect on the BMSCs derived from ovariectomized rats (rBMSCs-OVX). Furthermore, the modified samples also stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration and angiogenesis. Finally, in the OVX rat bonedefect model, the EBE-SrSi group exhibited faster bone formation which might be attributed to the impact of the transformation of endogenous MSC accompanied by promotion of the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells. Our results unveiled the potential of dual Sr/Si modified PEEK in promoting osseointegration under osteoporotic conditions and will further broaden the adoption of PEEK materials in dental fields. [Display omitted] • A novel bioactive coating on polyetheretherketone was generated via electron beam evaporation. • A strong adherent film was constructed without altering the beneficial features of polyetheretherketone. • The incorporation of Sr ions can significantly enhance angiogenesis effect • Unveiled the potential of dual Sr/Si modified PEEK in promoting angiogenesis/osteogenesis under osteoporois. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]