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Background: Although many works focus on increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, there are still a number of problems that need to be solved, such as reducing heat losses at the window-to-wall interface, especially since the requirements for saving energy used for heating/cooling rooms are constantly increasing. This paper analyses the impact of the material parameters of the external wall and the window installation in the insulation layer on the size of thermal bridges around the window. Purpose: The aim of the work is to demonstrate the benefits resulting from the correct installation of the window, the appropriate location of the window in relation to the face of the external wall, as well as the correct selection of construction materials. Methodology: In order to show the improvement in the energy efficiency of buildings, an analysis of the heating/cooling energy consumption was carried out for the selected buildings. The thermal and humidity analyses were carried out using TRISCO program, while the economic analysis was performed using the Audytor OZC program. Results: It was found that the proposed system of window installation in the thermal insulation layer reduced the annual heating demand by at least 10% on average. Conclusions: It has been shown that the method of window installation and the type of the wall structural materials are interrelated and therefore should be considered simultaneously. Their proper selection allows for a reduction in the amount of energy needed for heating and cooling buildings, and thus a reduction of heating/cooling costs, as well as limiting greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing demand for sustainable and efficient energy harvesting and storage technologies has spurred interest in the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with supercapacitors (SCs). This combination offers a promising solution for powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other low−power applications by utilizing ambient mechanical energy. Cellular materials, featuring unique structural characteristics such as high surface−to−volume ratios, mechanical compliance, and customizable properties, have emerged as essential components in this integration, enabling the improved performance and efficiency of TENG−SC systems. In this paper, we discuss the key role of cellular materials in enhancing TENG−SC systems' performance through their influence on contact area, mechanical compliance, weight, and energy absorption. We highlight the benefits of cellular materials, including increased charge generation, optimized energy conversion efficiency, and adaptability to various mechanical sources. Furthermore, we explore the potential for lightweight, low−cost, and customizable cellular materials to expand the applicability of TENG−SC systems in wearable and portable devices. Finally, we examine the dual effect of cellular materials' damping and energy absorption properties, emphasizing their potential to protect TENGs from damage and increase overall system efficiency. This comprehensive overview of the role of cellular materials in the integration of TENG−SC aims to provide insights into the development of next−generation sustainable energy harvesting and storage solutions for IoT and other low−power applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]