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The durability of concrete is critical for the service life of concrete structures, and it is influenced by various factors. This paper investigates the impact of the relative humidity (RH) of the curing environment on the durability of five different concrete types. The aim is to determine a suitable approach for designing concrete that is well-suited for use in the salt lake region of Inner Mongolia. The concrete types comprise ordinary Portland cement (OPC), high-strength expansive concrete (HSEC), high-strength expansive concrete incorporating silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag (HSEC-SFB), steel fiber-reinforced high-strength expansive concrete (SFRHSEC), and high elastic modulus polyethylene fiber-reinforced high-strength expansive concrete (HFRHSEC). All these concrete types underwent a 180-day curing process at three distinct relative humidities (RH = 30%, 50%, and 95%) before being subjected to freeze–thaw cycles in the Inner Mongolia salt lake brine. The curing environment with a 95% RH is referred to as the standard condition. The experimental results reveal that the durability of OPC and HSEC decreases significantly with increasing relative humidity. In comparison with the control sample cured in 95% RH, the maximum freeze–thaw cycles for concrete cured in lower RHs are only 31% to 76% for OPC and 66% to 77% for HSEC. However, the sensitivity of the durability of HSEC-SFB, SFRHSEC, and HFRHSEC to variations in RH in the curing environment diminishes. In comparison with the corresponding reference value, the maximum freeze–thaw cycles for samples cured in dry conditions increase by 14% to 17% for HSEC-SFB and 21% for SFRHSEC. Specifically, the service life of HFRHSEC cured in a low RH is 25% to 46% higher than the reference value. The durability of HSEC-SFB, SFRHSEC, and HFRHSEC has been proven to be appropriate for structures located in the salt lake region of Inner Mongolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorine ions play an important role in the corrosion of bronzeware. This study employs techniques such as XRD, OM, SEM, EBSD, and electrochemical testing to analyze the microstructure, crystal structure, chemical composition, and corrosion performance of bronze earrings unearthed at the Xindianzi site in Inner Mongolia. The results indicate the presence of work-hardened structures, including twinning and equiaxed crystals, on the earrings' surface. With an increase in chloride ion concentration in NaCl solutions from 10−3 mol/L to 1 mol/L, the corrosion current density of the bronze earrings increased from 2.372 × 10−7 A/cm2 to 9.051 × 10−7 A/cm2, demonstrating that the alloy's corrosion rate escalates with chloride ion concentration. A 3-day immersion test in 0.5% NaCl solution showed the formation of a passivation layer of metal oxides on the earrings' surface. These findings underscore the significance of the impact chloride ions have on the corrosion of copper alloys, suggesting that activating the alloy's reactive responses can accelerate the corrosion process and provide essential insights into the corrosion mechanisms of bronze artifacts in chloride-containing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When properly processed, rice husk ash (RHA) comprises a large amount of SiO2, which exhibits a high pozzolanic activity and acts as a good building filler. In this paper, the effects of rice husk ash content, acid pretreatment, and production regions on the compressive and flexural properties and water absorption of a cement paste were studied. The experimental results showed that the compressive strength of the rice husk ash was the highest with a 10% content level, which was about 16.22% higher than that of the control sample. The rice husk after acid pretreatment displayed a higher strength than that of the sample without the acid treatment, and the rice husk from the Inner Mongolia region indicated a higher strength than that from the Guangdong province. However, the flexural strength of each group was not significantly different from that of the blank control group. The trend observed for the water absorption was similar to that of the compressive strength. The variation in the RHA proportions had the greatest influence on the properties of the paste specimens, followed by the acid pretreatments of the rice husks. The production regions of the rice husks indicated the least influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]