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In this paper, a resin with high adhesion, easy curing, good flexibility, and high temperature resistance was prepared from polyimide fiber paper. First, in order to improve the toughness and curability of impregnating resin, epoxy resin was modified by addition of vinyl silicone resin. Subsequently, ternary resin with high temperature stability was obtained by polyimide resin addition. Among the investigated conditions, the optimal additive amount of vinyl silicone resin and polyimide resin was 30% and 5%, respectively. The prepared ternary resin has better toughness, crosslinking degree, high temperature stability (5% mass loss at 339.2 °C) and no obvious glass transition at high temperature. Finally, the polyimide fiber paper-based composite material was impregnated with modified epoxy resin and ternary resin, respectively. The results shows that the paper-based composite material impregnated with modified epoxy resin has a better fiber bonding degree, a smooth surface, and contact angle could reach up to 148.71°. Meanwhile, the paper-based composite material impregnated with ternary resin has good high temperature resistance, and the tensile index of the paper-based composite material could reach up to 35.1 N·m/g at 200 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]