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Randomized particle distribution in a mixed matrix membrane would reduce the effectiveness of particle immobilized in its matrix. This study aims to distribute the particle near the membrane surface with magnetic field assistance. Specifically, investigating the influence of varied magnetic patterns (rod, chain, and circular) on zinc ferrite distribution in the membrane on the phenol adsorption with the standing time was fixed at 30 s with 12 wt% zinc ferrite. The findings revealed that the magnetic induce membrane possesses the highest phenol adsorption, especially by membrane fabricated by magnets in a circular pattern (MB). MB membrane displayed phenol adsorption capacity of 415 mg/g with water permeation of 30.4 L/m2.h. The high phenol adsorption was contributed to high zinc ferrite particle migrated towards the membrane surface, and EDX analysis revealed 1.23 wt% Fe element in its thin layer region. These findings indicate that the magnets arranged in a circular pattern can effectively migrate and distribute the zinc ferrite across the membrane. Hence, a suitable magnetic pattern was vital when applying magnetic induce casting. [Display omitted] • The magnet in magnetic induced casting was arranged to circular, chain, and rod. • Circular pattern (MB) has the highest phenol adsorption capacity at 415 mg/g. • MB and MC (chain) membrane driven by external diffusion with film thickness Δr o of 5.22 and 16.94 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work prepared novel monticellite-ciprofloxacin (Mon-CPFX) scaffolds with different concentrations of CPFX (0, 1, 3, and 6%) via the space holder method. The Mon-CPFX scaffolds had a compressive strength of 1 ± 0.1 MPa, porosity of 81–83%, and pore size of 300–420 μm. The formation of hydroxyapatite on the Mon-CPFX scaffold surfaces was observed after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 28 d, with a Ca/P atomic ratio of 1.62 indicating high apatite formation ability. Antibacterial tests indicated the antibacterial effect of Mon-CPFX scaffolds is strongly related to the CPFX concentration; the greatest bacterial inhibition was observed for the scaffold containing 6% CPFX. Furthermore, an MTT assay illustrated that Mon scaffold loading with up to 3% CPFX resulted in higher cell viability, cell proliferation, and attachment than for scaffolds containing 6% CPFX. This particular novel type of multifunctional Mon-CPFX scaffold could be considered for bone infection treatment owing to its suitable compressive strength along with excellent bioactivity, antibacterial performance, and biocompatibility. Graphical abstract Image Highlights • Novel monticellite-ciprofloxacin scaffolds were prepared using the space holder method. • Mon-CPFX scaffold possess compressive strength of 1.2 MPa with porosities of 80%. • The Mon-CPFX scaffolds presented desired drug release trend during 48 h. • Antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility of Mon-CPFX scaffolds were evaluated. • Apatite formation ability mechanism of Mon-CPFX scaffolds is proposed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-doped TiO 2 anatase/rutile nanorods assembled microspheres were successfully synthesized via a simple and direct sol–gel method containing titanium-n-butoxide Ti(OBu) 4 as a precursor material, nitric acid as a catalyst, and isopropanol as a solvent. By manipulating calcination temperature, the photocatalyst consisting of different phase compositions of anatase and rutile was obtained. The prepared TiO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results from UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy and FTIR revealed the direct incorporation of nitrogen in TiO 2 lattice since visible absorption capability was observed at 400–600 nm. XPS study indicated the incorporation of nitrogen as dopant in TiO 2 at binding energies of 396.8, 397.5, 398.7, 399.8, and 401 eV. Calcination temperature was observed to have a great influence on the photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 nanorods. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared mixed phase of anatase/rutile TiO 2 nanoparticles was measured by photodegradation phenol in an aqueous solution under UV and visible irradiations. N-doped TiO 2 anatase/rutile nanorods assembled microsphere (consists of 38.3% anatase and 61.7% rutile) that was prepared at 400 °C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity after irradiated under visible and UV light for 540 min. The high performance of photocatalyst materials could be obtained by adopting a judicious combination of anatase/rutile prepared at optimum calcination conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning the ratio of sp2/sp3 is crucial factor for obtaining high aspect ratio of graphene oxide. In this work, we reported a comprehensive study on synthesis of GO with different sp2/sp3 ratios at different oxidation reaction temperatures. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared GO were characterized by Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), Raman spectroscopy, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), hydrophilicity test and zeta potential. Interestingly, GO-35 showed the smallest contact angle with carbon-to-oxygen (O/C) ratio 0.469. ATR-IR reveals the different intensity of hydroxyl (−OH), carbonyl (−C O), epoxy (C–O–C), as well as carboxyl (−COOH) moieties in the GO samples, and their intermolecular interactions significantly affected the interlayer spacing between consecutive identical planes of carbon atoms which examined using XRD. XPS confirmed that the basal species such as –OH is abundantly available in the GO-35 and unavailable in GO-50. Our results demonstrate that the properties of GO can be tuned using different oxidation reaction temperatures, which significantly influences types of oxygen-functional groups generated at different oxidation levels, thus could pave the way for various applications of graphene-based material. [Display omitted] • The ratio of sp2/sp3 in the GO structure can be tuned by oxidation temperature. • The integrity of graphene structure greatly decreases at oxidation temperature 50 °C. • Epoxy and hydroxyl species abundantly formed throughout the basal structure at optimum oxidation temperature, 35 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]